<p>Recycling has been taking place in South Africa for more than three decades, driven by social and economic needs. While the waste hierarchy is embedded in national policy, an extensive legislative framework
Juha Siikamaki estimates the recreational value of America's financially strained state parks.
Seemingly everyone has an opinion of Walmart, and quite often these opinions diverge. But just about everyone would agree that Walmart sources its products in a manner that permits it to sell them at very
In today’s conversations about oil and other natural resources, a common worry is whether the world is “running out” and will soon begin a confrontational scramble to gain access to what’s left for the
Many nations have proposed targets for renewable energy production that can only be described as ambitious, given the current levels and the short time frames involved. Proposals in the United States aim to increase renewable electricity production to 15 percent by 2020, a significant amount, given that hydropower capacity is extremely unlikely to expand.
Transmission services have to be provided as a separate item in a deregulated or vertically restructured electricity supply industry. Methods for transmission line fixed-cost allocation among the transmission transactions accounting for line capacity use are presented. Cost allocation to each transaction will be according to the capacity use patterns throughout an accounting period in an equitable manner.
In the Himalayas, subsistence largely depends upon resources derived from natural forests due to the free and easy access to these and simplicity in their use. Sikkim has 43% of its total geographical area under forest cover, of which 34% is under dense forests. The burgeoning human population and family fragmentation are exerting a tremendous pressure on the natural resources to meet the requirements of food, fuel, fodder, timber and other human needs. In recent years, tourism has increased manifolds in Sikkim, which has been one of the major factors behind destruction of forests.
Smallholder agriculture has made an increasing use of subsidized mechanization and energy inputs to reduce short-term risks in semi-arid conditions in north west India. However, geographic patterns of production and scale of mechanization are straining resources and increasing the risk of serious degradation of natural resources. In this paper, the possibility of maximizing the revenue and energy returns in the agricultural sector at village level to fulfil the food, fuel and feed requirements of the village has been attempted.
This paper examines 'coal consumption-GDP (gross domestic product)' and 'gas consumption-GDP' causality in India by deploying co-integration and Granger causality techniques. Augmented Dickey-Fuller tests reveal that all series viz. per capita gas consumption, after logarithmic transformation are non-stationery and individually integrated of the order one.
