Final report study on the economic value of groundwater and biodiversity in European forests
Written by Chantal van Ham, Thomas Greiber, Gerben Janse and Marta Gaworska, this study explores the state of development of forest-groundwater related payments for environmental services (PES) schemes in the European Union. It shows that PES structures already exist in a number of EU member states, which fund afforestation and sustainable management practices and thus support, maintain, and even develop the protective functions of forests with regards to groundwater.