The outcomes of Copenhagen: the negotiations & the accord
Over the past two years the international negotiations on climate change have focused on negotiating a comprehensive framework for enhanced action on climate change. These negotiations, progressing along the two tracks, one under the Kyoto Protocol and another under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), were expected to deliver an agreed outcome outlining the main elements of the future framework at the UNFCCC climate change conference in Copenhagen in December 2009. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the substantive results of the Copenhagen conference, including the status of the negotiations on the key issues under the formal negotiating tracks and the provisions of the Copenhagen Accord, and to draw implications for implementation of actions in developing countries.