Irrigation with oxygen-nanobubble water can reduce methane emission and arsenic dissolution in a flooded rice paddy
A remarkable feature of nanobubbles (<10–6 m in diameter) is their long lifetime in water. Supplying oxygen-nanobubbles (NBs) to continuously flooded paddy soil may retard the development of reductive conditions, thereby reducing the emission of methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, and dissolution of arsenic, an environmental load. We tested this hypothesis by performing a pot experiment and measuring redox-related variables.