Polluters must pay
Market-based instruments (mbis), such as effluent taxes and subsidies for using environment friendly technologies, are increasingly being projected as efficient and cost-effective methods of environmental management all over the world. Economists have long argued for the greater use of such methods; over the last decade and a half, international conventions have also advocated greater use of mbis to control pollution. For example, article 6 of the Kyoto Protocol recognises emission trading as an effective means of pollution control. The declaration after the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 also argued for greater use of mbis . However, India
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