Renewable energy policies in a time of transition: heating and cooling
Heating and cooling accounts for almost half of global energy consumption. With most of this relying fossil fuels, however, it contributes heavily to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. In parts of the world lacking modern energy access, meanwhile, inefficient biomass use for cooking also harms people’s health, damages the environment and reduces social well-being. The transition to renewable-based, energy-efficient heating and cooling could follow several possible pathways, depending on energy demand, resource availability and the needs and priorities of each country or region. Broad options include electrification with renewable power, renewable-based gases (including “green” hydrogen), sustainable bioenergy use, and the direct use of solar and geothermal heat. This report, developed jointly by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), outlines the infrastructure and policies needed with each transition pathway.
