R&D expenditure: A disturbing trend
THOUGH India now spends more than Rs 4,000 crore annually in research and development -- 87 per cent of which comes from government and public sector industries and the rest from the private sector
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Investment on environment
EUROPEAN countries are making substantial investments in environmental protection. Amongst members of the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) -- the Paris-based club of
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World status of land degradation
SOME 3.6 billion ha of the world's drylands -- about a third of the total -- are today lying in a state of degradation. The world would earn some US $42 billion every year in extra income if these
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The vital statistics of Rio
Source: Centre for Science and Environment.
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Making hay while forests shine
THE latest Economic Survey (1991-92) presents a very interesting set of statistics. It shows that, out of all types of commercial undertakings of state departments, only those based on
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The ecological cost of air travel
ABOUT 176 million tonnes (mt) of aviation fuel was burnt in 1990 -- 14 per cent of the world's consumption of transportation fuel. This air traffic fuel produced about 550 mt of carbon dioxide, 220 mt of water, and 3.5 mt of nitrogen oxides. <br>
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Delhi hits the dirty track
THE World Health Organization has identified New Delhi as one of the 10 most polluted cities in the world, a dubious distinction that Delhi now shares with other megacities like Mexico City, Seoul
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Clean up costs
Ecological devastation in China is rampant: acrid, blackened air in industrial cities; rain that turns inky and corrosive with acidity; noxious mounds of untreated garbage and hazardous sludge
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Childhood cancers
There has been an alarming rise in cases of childhood cancers in the last two decades. According to reports in Environmental Health Perspectives and The Ecologist, this has been attributed to
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Children: victims of war and poverty
WAR HAS emerged as a major child-killer in the 1980s. Some 1.5 million children died in conflicts; Five million were turned into refugees and another 12 million were rendered homeless. War caused
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Biodiversity under threat worldwide
IN GLOBAL terms, existing species are estimated at between five and 30 million. Of these, only 1.4 million have been identified, of which 750,000 are insects, 40,000 invertebrates, 250,000 plants and
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Health and economy
A COUNTRY'S economic strength influences its health level, which, in turn, is correlated with its average income level. When the economy grows, the people's health should also improve. The gross
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Soil salinity threatens the command areas
INDIA is in "imminent danger of losing a large part of its productive lands through soil salinisation", says N T Singh of the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute in Karnal. Soil salinity is
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Blue collar job declining worldwide
TECHNOLOGY change is resulting in problems of large-scale and permanent unemployment. The demand for blue-collar employees is decreasing, while that of white-collar workers is increasing. Overall,
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Fumes and effluents increase over the years
IS INDIAN industry becoming more pollution-intensive? Consider the production levels of some of the most polluting industries: Gross output of the paper and paper products industry and related
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Indian farms rely more on mechanical power
THE INDIAN National Congress -- the political party that led the country to independence -- had as its election symbol during the 1950s two bullocks, to symbolise the relationship between animal
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Ensuring human survival
"The future of human civilisation could depend on our ability to defend and make sustainable use of biological diversity," he adds. FAO recently published a document on the current threats to the world's biodiversity. Highlights from the report:
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Ups and downs of Indian health
India faces an acute double burden of disease. While nutritional and communicable diseases remain serious, non-communicable diseases are on the rise, says the eighth report of the World Health
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Dwindle, peak and pine
"HEALTH for all by the year 2000" was the proclaimed objective of the Primary Health Care Conference held at Alma Ata in 1978 under the aegis of the World Health Organisation WHO . The progress of this global programme is monitored by a process of period
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Going, going...
EVEN as debate on conservation of biodiversity gathers momentum, tropical forests which account for between 40 to 90 per cent of the world's biodiversity, seem to be fighting a losing battle against