The Shivalik landscape is extended from the Indus basin to the Brahmaputra with one gap of over 300 km from the Sapta Kosi to the Manas river. The Shivalik landscape, has been categorized under Indo-Gangetic plains and it has special significance in India's biogeography due to intermingling of taxa from the Indo-Malayan and Palaearctic regions. In the Northwest part of Shivaliks, a total of 21 wildlife protected areas had been established in six states and one union territory covering up to ca 2500 km.