South Asia, consisting of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Afghanistan, is among the most vulnerable and highly sensitive regions to the impact and consequences of climate change. It is known to be the most disaster prone region in the world supporting a huge population of more than 1.3 billion. Livelihoods and economic activities in South Asia are closely tied to the natural resource base and are, hence, highly sensitive to changes in the climate. In future, agriculture and aquaculture will be threatened by a combination of thermal and water stresses, melting of Himalayan glaciers, sea level rise, increased flooding and strong winds associated with intense tropical cyclones.