Arunachal Pradesh has been identified as one of the "Biodiversity Hotspot" areas in the world. The tribes inhabiting the state recognize over 500 species of plants as having medicinal properties. The authors have conducted field trips in different areas of Arunachal Pradesh covering six western districts during March 2004 - October 2005. In this attempt, they have collected 64 accessions of medicinal and aromatic plants belonging to 46 species distributed over 45 genera and 36 families.