Farmers's wisdom of soil taxonomy and fertility management dynamics is based on trial and error, problem solving and group approach to manage the natural resources. The farmers' knowledge of defining the soil taxonomy and fertility management practices is compatible to their adaptive skills and rich source of location-specific ecological information. This study describes wisdom of farmers and the criteria they developed for soil classification and fertility management. A study was conducted in the purposively selected villages of Jahanganj block of Azamgarh district in eastern Uttar Pradesh.