Recently Naga King Chili was rediscovered by the world scientific community when it was declared as the hottest chili of the world. Interestingly this particular type of chili with its unique hotness and aroma is native to the northeastern part of India, more particularly to Nagaland. In Nagaland, the crop is cultivated by traditional ways since time immemorial and a good amount of genetic variability exists in the local landraces of the state. However, very little research towards scientific cultivation of this potential crop was accomplished in recent years and until now scientific package of practices is not available for the crop. In the present investigation, local genetic worth, traditional cultivation and processing practices, and traditional uses were focused by extensive field visits and systematic interviews of local farmers of traditional growing areas of Nagaland.