This paper discusses the evolution of non-wood pulping technology and key challenges for future growth. Emission of dissolved organic material including chlorinated organic compounds is the main concern. Recovery of black liquor from cooking and reduced bleach plant emissions is the way to go. Abhishek Industries Ltd. and Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Ltd. have demonstrated that black liquor recovery is possible. These companies have also paved the way for future development of non-wood pulping technology by implementing achievements established in the field of wood pulping technology.