The changing global scenario and the amendment of national legislations on ownership over biological resources and intellectual property rights over the indigenous knowledge evolved by the local communities for the useful exploitation of these resources, demands that agricultural biodiversity and indigenous knowledge rich countries like India identify the agricultural heritage sites and document their characteristic features. Using these indices the present article describes the first possible Agricultural Biodiversity Heritage Sites in India - cold arid regions of Ladakh and adjacent areas. This site is floristically rich with unique biological diversity adapted to the extreme dry and cold climate. The local people have evolved agriculture by diverting glacial-fed rivers into stone-built terraces, gathering soil through sedimentation, enriching the soil with organic manure, and facilitating cultivation of staples to produce surplus food for themselves.