An extensive survey was carried out to locate breeding colonies and nests of vultures in Rajasthan. A total of 5,080 vultures of 7 different species were counted in 23 districts of Rajasthan. Many serious threats to these vultures were recorded during the study other than 'diclofenac', like habitat loss, predation by dogs, hunting and disturbances, kite flying, scarcity of food and water, weather conditions, miss fledgling, change in land use practices, road accidents and electrocution. Therefore strong in-situ vulture conservation programme is equally required with the present ex-situ conservation programmes.