Cyclones in Bangladesh

  • 06/10/2008

  • New Nation (Bangladesh)

Cyclones in Bangladesh are large areas of low atmospheric pressure, characterized by inward-spiraling winds, which occur in the Indian Ocean. These pressure systems are known as typhoons in the Pacific Ocean, and hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean. Every year these storms create chaos and destruction all over the world, but some areas are more prevalent than others. Cyclones are generally formed near the equator where the sun heats the air; it becomes hot and light and therefore goes up. As a result, cold air from the surroundings rushes there to fill up the gap. As the Earth is rotating on its axis, the cool air cannot fill up the gap, and instead the cool air collides with the warm air, and causes thunderstorms. Eventually, the system begins to move in a counter-clockwise fashion, and develops an "eye", which is an area of extreme low pressure. The eye of the cyclone causes a lot of damage when the cyclone hits land because the area of low pressure in the eye causes water to bulge up (known as a storm surge). Cyclones tend to strike different areas at different times of the year, and it is dependent on the temperature and wind formations. Bangladesh is one of those countries that often hit by strong tropical storms and cyclones. It is a densely populated country having about 150 million people on an area of about 144,000 sq. km. It is a country that is very unique because it sits atop the world's largest river deltas formed by the cross-sections of Padma (Ganges), Jamuna (Brahmaputra) and Meghna. The country's geographical attributes are better put by the words of Charles E. Cobb of National Geographic who said in his report, "Bangladesh is a country that floats". Because of its location, Bangladesh is well known for its fertile land, and seasons. In fact, Bangladesh is the only country in the world that has six distinct seasons, and they are summer, monsoon, autumn, late autumn, winter, and spring. Bangladesh has another distinct property, which is its prevalence to cyclones. Natural calamities like flood, draught, river erosion, cyclone etc. are common phenomenon here. During last 125 years cyclone hit Bangladesh coast more than 80 times. The most sever one that hit southern part of Bangladesh on 12 November 1970 is 'Gorki', when more than 1.2 million people died, which is 3 times more than the total death in all the cyclones hit during last 100 years. Noakhali district was the most affected, where more than 300,000 people died. On 24th October, there was warning signal 10, but nothing had happened. On 12th November it was only signal 4. Both the government and the common people had no preparation for the cyclone. It was then Pakistan. On 13th morning the local administration of different districts came to their office, as if nothing has happened. People from the affected areas started coming with the message of unbelievable casualties and unprecedented devastation. The local administration, government agencies, social activists, voluntary organizations started moving to the affected areas and found a horrible scene. Roads, embankments, trees, standing crops, domestic houses washed away, dead bodies and dead cattle were seen everywhere. Burring dead bodies has become the main concern. Initially, the rescue workers started carrying dead bodies to grave for burial. But it was impossible. So, they decided to burry without observing any religious formality. It took more than 15 days to complete this task. After 1970, there were some sever cyclones. In 1976 about 200,000 people died in Bakergonj, Barishal and Patuakhali. In 1985, about 11,000 people died in Noakhali. In 1991 about 140,000 people died in Chittagong, in 1997 138,000 people died in the south of Barishal. Recent devastating cyclone SIDR hit Bangladesh on 15 November causing death of 3500 lives, made 200,000 people homeless. About 3.2 million people of 30 districts are affected. 2.0 million cattle and animal died. According to government source, the total loss is about US$1,500 million. The expert's feelings are more than that. The Metrological department hoisted warning signal 10. In the evening, Chief Advisor along with other Advisors and senior officials hold meeting to face the situation. Government and army did their best to shift people to safe places. Some people followed government advice, but many could not, due to lack of shelter in the nearby. There are people, who could not trust on government advice as because, two weeks back, there was similar warning signal, many people shifted to safe places, ultimately nothing happened. This is due to lack of awareness of the common people and lack of people's involvement in the process of digester management. Government left no stone unturned to redress the sufferings of the people. As a result, the death toll is much less in comparison to the sever ness of the cyclone. This year, the wind speed was 220 km/hr. and the speed in 1970 was 222. But the damage was much less compare to sever ness. It is only because, the country is independent and the state leaders are patriot. The whole government machineries worked round the clock to stop further sufferings of the cyclone victims. The donor community, the rich and even the low income people came forward to help the victims. The saddest story is that, in 1970 no central leader visited the affected people. In short, the victims are getting relief from different corners to meet their immediate need. Now, it is necessary to think of long term solution. Cyclone shelter may be the best option to reduce death of both man and animal. Cyclones generally strike Bangladesh between April and December. Further, the worst cyclones tend to strike between the months of May and November because of the monsoon winds. The monsoons are seasonal prevailing winds that create constant low pressure system over South Asia, which causes heavy downpour in both Bangladesh and South Asia. The effects of the monsoon is intensified more by the Himalayas, which block the low pressure systems in the region for an extended periods of time, which causes not only more rainfall, but also higher chances for strong cyclonic activity, but there are other factors that lead to cyclones intensification in Bangladesh. There are many different things that could cause cyclones to intensify, but three major factors that cause cyclones to intensify are high temperatures, strong winds and large bodies of water. Temperature is a key factor for cyclone intensification and usually sea surface temperature (SST) of 26