While releasing norms for management of urban flooding, NDMA member M Shashidhar Reddy, MLA, said two major causes, which lead to urban flooding, are improper disposal of solid waste and encroachments. The member emphasised the need for public awareness to deal with these issues. Realising that the causes of urban flooding are different and so are also the strategies to deal with them, NDMA has decided for the first time to address urban flooding as a separate disaster de-linking it from riverine floods. Shailesh Nayak, Secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences mentioned that urban flooding is one topic.