Starting with a worst-case scenario of lead contamination of soil, a scientist at Mie University in Japan has demonstrated the use of poultry waste amendment in combination with plant growth to immobilize soil Pb and restore degraded vegetation in shooting range sites. Remediation of Pb-contaminated soils in a shooting range is generally very difficult the site is extensively contaminated with high levels of Pb, and therefore the local ecosystem has deteriorated. In situ chemical immobilization is a practical remediation technology for metal-contaminated soils. The scientist measured Pb speciation of the soil using X-ray absorption spectroscopy at SPring-8, the world