Over 2.1 million children below 15 years are living with HIV globally, most of them infected before their birth, during delivery or while being breastfed. While around 4.2 lakh children were newly infected in 2007, an estimated 2.9 lakh children under 15 years died from AIDS the same year. Young people, aged 15-24, accounted for about 40% of new HIV infections in 2007. The number of HIV-positive pregnant women receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to their infants increased by 60% from 2005 to 2006, but even then, only 23% of HIVpositive pregnant women are receiving ARTs. These are the findings of