This paper, prepared in support of the Major Economies Forum (MEF) Global Partnership by the International Energy Agency, seeks to inform decision making and prioritisation of RD&D investments and other policies to accelerate low-carbon energy technologies in the MEF and IEA member countries and others by providing three primary sets of information: estimated current levels of public RD&D spending for the technology areas initially targeted by the MEF; future RD&D priorities for these technologies, based on the IEA roadmaps and other efforts; and an assessment of the gap between current levels of technology ambition and the levels that will be needed to achieve our shared climate change goals by 2050; concluding with suggestions for next steps that can be taken to advance the technologies. This paper maps ten categories of low-carbon energy technologies/practices, including bioenergy (including biofuels and biomass combustion for power and heat).