Water Quality

Judgment of the National Green Tribunal regarding plywood factories operating in Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, 27/05/2025

Judgment of the National Green Tribunal, May 27, 2025 in the matter of Sumit Saini Vs Shree Ram Steel Industries & Others. Sumit Saini, resident of village Damla, District Yamuna Nagar, Haryana had sent a letter petition dated May 14, 2022 to the NGT. The application said that around 25 …

Water reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebook

As this book highlights, the number of (direct) water reuse projects has doubled every decade since 1990, and there are more than 400 operational projects now in the MENA region. Nevertheless, the potential for resource recovery from municipal wastewater in the MENA region is still untapped. Despite the progress, only …

Polluted river stretches for restoration of water quality 2022

This study ‘Polluted River Stretches for Restoration of Water Quality – 2022’ is a report based on the aforementioned periodic analysis of water quality data generated. To give a brief overview, of the 603 rivers assessed, there are 311 Polluted stretches in 279 rivers in 30 States & Union Territories. …

Europe’s environment: the seventh Pan-European environmental assessment: - summary for policymakers

At the Seventh Environment for Europe Ministerial Conference, held in Nur-Sultan in 2011,Ministers decided to develop the Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS) across the region of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE). At the Eighth Conference, in Batumi, Georgia, in 2016, Ministers welcomed progress in developing SEIS to …

National report on functionality assessment of household tap connection – 2022

Around 62% of rural households in India had fully functional tap water connections within their premises, according to a survey commissioned by the Union Ministry of Water Resources to assess the functioning of the government’s marquee Jal Jeevan Mission. Centre in June reported 52% rural households as having tap water …

Youth and water security in Africa

This publication on Youth and Water Security in Africa, which comprises 25-refereed articles co-authored by youth including female scientists primarily from Africa, derives from collaboration among UNESCO, the African Ministers’ Council on Water (AMCOW) and the International Science Council (ISC) Regional Office for Africa (ROA). Scientists, engineers, researchers, and policy-makers …

Water quality monitoring and assessment of groundwater

This document is part of a series of guidebooks that address various aspects of monitoring and assessment of freshwater. It describes the main features of groundwater that govern its quantity, availability and chemical quality. Understanding these features assists in the development of a monitoring programme that will provide information for …

Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding pollution of Najafgarh drain, Delhi, 11/07/2022

Order of the National Green Tribunal in the matter of In re: News item published in the Newspaper named, The Times of India dated 05.07.2022 titled “Dead fish in Najafgarh drain, pollution could be to blame” dated 11/07/2022. Proceedings have been initiated suo-moto on the basis of captioned media report …

Beyond water quality: sewage treatment in a circular economy

Most of Europe’s urban waste water treatment plants have focused on cleaning water and returning it to the environment in just a simple, linear approach. However, with use of new techniques and innovation, these facilities can act as resource hubs providing reclaimed water, energy, nutrients and organic materials for reuse, …

Sustainable Development Goal indicator 6.3.2: options for maximising the indicator's positive impact

The SDG indicator 6.3.2 (SDG 632) methodology helps countries to report on ambient water quality in a consistent and straightforward manner and has undergone several iterations since conception in 2016. Gathering feedback from those tasked with reporting for their country ensures that the SDG indicators maintain their relevance and that …

Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding Chandrapura lake pollution, Bangalore, Karnataka, 29/03/2022

Order of the National Green Tribunal in the matter of In re: News item published on 21.11.2021 in the Indian Express titled “Lakes of Bengaluru : Industrial effluents, raw sewage; stinky tale of Chandrapura lake” dated March 29, 2022. The matter related to damage to the Chandrapura lake and failure …

Surface water monitoring for the mining sector: frameworks for governments

This document reviews water monitoring frameworks for mine water management by governments. Mining activity has the potential to affect many aspects of the environment, and the responsible management of natural resources is key to preserving them for future generations. Water, in particular, is a critical resource for which competing demands …

Economics of water: digging for data in Somalia - towards understanding water as a limiting or enabling factor for socioeconomic growth in Somalia

Barely anywhere in the world does water have more value as an economic asset and for social development than in the Horn of Africa. According to most definitions, Somalia is classified as a water scarce country. However, analysis of water availability and expected use in 2030 at a regional scale …

Status of trace and toxic metals in Indian rivers

Metal contamination in river water is increasingly becoming common in India. Presence of metals in river water in excesses may cause a significant threat to human health and ecological systems. The present report attempts to provide the water quality scenario of Indian rivers in respect of trace and toxic metals. …

Report on water quality hot-spots in rivers of India

This third edition of report on "water quality hotspots in rivers of India” is based on the data of 10 nos. of water quality parameters observed during 2010-2020 at 588 water quality monitoring stations out of 764 stations of CWC. The eight parameters: pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand …

Drinking water quality monitoring & surveillance framework

The Ministry of Jal Shakti released the ‘Drinking water quality monitoring & surveillance framework’ for proper functioning of water quality testing laboratories, timely detection of any water quality contamination, redressal mechanism thus, ensuring quality of tap water and sources. This kind of monitoring at Department level and the community empowered …

Progress on ambient water quality 2021: global indicator 6.3.2 updates and acceleration needs

Target 6.3 is: “By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally.” Indicator 6.3.2 monitors the proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality, as …

Progress on freshwater ecosystems 2021: global indicator 6.6.1 updates and acceleration needs

Target 6.6 is: “By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.” Indicator 6.6.1 tracks changes over time in water-related ecosystems. Earth observations are used to determine changes to surface water bodies, such as lakes, large rivers, flooded wetlands and reservoirs. Recent advances in …

Safe and sustainable business models for water reuse in aquaculture in developing countries

Wastewater-fed aquaculture has a long history, especially in Asia. This report examines three empirical cases of integrated wastewater treatment and aquaculture production. From an aquaculture entrepreneur’s perspective, the combination of fish farming and wastewater treatment in common waste stabilization ponds allows significant savings on capital (pond infrastructure) and running costs …

Guidelines on safe recreational water quality: Volume 1 - coastal and fresh waters

Use of coastal, estuarine and freshwater recreational environments has significant benefits for health and well-being, including rest, relaxation, exercise, cultural and religious practices, and aesthetic pleasure, while also providing substantial local, regional and national economic benefits. These guidelines focus on water quality management for coastal and freshwater environments to protect …

Water quality assessments for urban water environment

Worldwide demand for freshwater resources is continuously increasing to satisfy the need for increasing population and growing economies. Further, both biophysical and social patterns and processes are interacting in ways that increase pressure on water and lead to water scarcity. About one-third of the world’s river basins attend their maximum …

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