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South Asia

  • Wastewater Treatment

    Wastewater Treatment

    <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>Wastewater Treatment</strong></span></p> <p><img alt="Wastewater Treatment" src="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/country/bangladesh/wastewater_treatment_hl" style="width: 530px; height: 300px;" /></p> <p>Increasing urbanisation and water usage has resulted in a proliferation of waterborne sanitation in Bangladesh. The majority of infrastructure projects focus on the provision of sanitation, but management of residual wastes is generally not given sufficient consideration.</p> <p>For instance, according to <a href="http://www.wssinfo.org/documents-links/documents/?tx_displaycontroller%5Bcategory%5D=&amp;tx_displaycontroller%5Byear%5D=&amp;tx_displaycontroller%5Bregion%5D=UNICEF:8&amp;tx_displaycontroller%5Bsearch_word%5D=&amp;tx_displaycontroller%5Btype%5D=country_files">Joint Monitoring Programme</a> by WHO and UNICEF in 2006, 51% of urban areas had improved sanitation facilities and only 7% urban areas had sewerage connection. In addition, only 32% of the rural population was using improved sanitation in 2006. As a result, many urban dwellers remain unserved with basic sanitation and the vast majority of wastewater and septage is discharged without any form of treatment into rivers and water bodies, seriously polluting water resources and causing a diversity of economic impacts.</p>

  • Solar Energy

    Solar Energy

    <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>Solar Energy</strong></span></p> <p><img alt="Solar Energy" src="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/country/bangladesh/solar_hl.jpg" style="width: 530px; height: 300px;" /></p> <p>In Bangladesh 60% of the population do not have access to the power grid. The country only produces 3500-4200 MW of electricity against a daily demand for 4000-5200 MW on average, according to official estimates. Solar energy is an ideal solution as it can provide gridless power and is totally clean in terms of pollution and health hazards. Since it saves money on constructing electricity transmission lines, it&rsquo;s economical as well.</p>

  • Arsenic Contamination

    Arsenic Contamination

    <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>Arsenic Contamination</strong></span></p> <p><img alt="Arsenic Contamination" src="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/country/bangladesh/arsenic_hl.jpg" style="width: 530px; height: 300px; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid;" /></p> <p>In the early 1970s, most people living in the countryside relied on surface water -- ponds, or rivers -- to meet their drinking water needs. As a result diseases due to bacteria-contaminated water, such as diarrhoea, dysentery and cholera were extremely widespread. To tackle this problem, and the related problem of drinking water, the government switched to a policy of tapping groundwater. The government began providing villages with tubewells and handpumps, with aid from such organisations as the United Nations Children&#39;s Fund (UNICEF) and the World Bank:UNICEF&nbsp;initiated the programme and paid for the first 900,000 tubewells along with its co-sponsor.</p>

  • Glacial Lake Outburst Flood

    Glacial Lake Outburst Flood

    <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>Glacial lake outburst flood</strong></span></p> <p><img alt="" src="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/country/nepal/floods_hl.jpg" style="border-width: 2px; border-style: solid;" /></p> <p>The acronym GLOF is used for glacier floods caused by the drainage of naturally dammed lakes in the glacier, on or at the margin of glaciers. Glacial lakes form when a glacier retreats, leaving the debris mass at the end of the glacier &ndash; the end moraine &ndash; exposed.</p>

  • Bagmati River

    Bagmati River

    <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>Bagmati River</strong></span></p> <p><img alt="" src="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/country/nepal/bagmati_hl.jpg" style="border-width: 2px; border-style: solid;" /></p> <p>The Bagmati Action Plan is the latest attempt to heal the river system, from its origins in the Shivapuri hills to Chouva where it leaves the valley. It was launched in 2008 for the period 2009-14, and proposes a budget of close to 15 billion Nepalese rupees spread over five years (in comparison, in 2008 &ndash; 2009, the total allocated for the Bagmati and its tributaries was Rs. 1,394.24 million).</p>

  • Renewable Energy

    Renewable Energy

    <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>Renewable Energy</strong></span></p> <p><img alt="" src="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/country/nepal/biogas_hl.jpg" style="border-width: 2px; border-style: solid;" /></p> <p>The major energy resource base in Nepal consists of biomass, hydroelectricity, petroleum products, natural gas, and coal reserves. Among the entire energy resource base, it is evident that biomass is the dominant resource base of the country with respect to its utilization. Biomass provided 86% of the total energy consumption, petroleum 9%, which is mainly consumed by urban areas, electricity only 2% and renewable 1% of the total energy consumption.</p>

  • Vehicular Air Pollution in Colombo

    Vehicular Air Pollution in Colombo

    <p><span style="font-size:12px;"><strong>Vehicular Air Pollution in Colombo</strong></span></p> <p><img alt="" src="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/country/srilanka/vehicular_pollution_hl.jpg" style="width: 530px; height: 300px; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid;" /></p> <p>In Colombo vehicles are responsible for 60% of the air pollution load. The city is falling into the toxic grip of motorization. Colombo is in the grip of deadly dieselisation: the current level of diesel technology and fuel quality represents very special risk, as diesel vehicle fleet is expanding in a maniacal pace. Diesel vehicles are 45% of the total fleet that already use up more than 90% of the diesel fuel. The policy to under tax diesel fuel and maintain a wide gap with petrol prices is largely responsible for this trend in the region.</p>

  • Fisheries

    Fisheries

    <p><span style="font-size:12px;"><strong>Fisheries</strong></span></p> <p><img alt="Fisheries" src="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/country/srilanka/fisheries_hl.jpg" style="border-width: 2px; border-style: solid;" /></p> <p>As early as in the 1960s, South Indian fishermen were encouraged to use trawlers to increase fisheries exports. The use of trawlers have since boomed, resulting in the near complete extinction of fish in the Indian part of the sea. Due to the decline in catch in their own territorial zones, fishing boats from Tamil Nadu have for long coveted fishing zones in the Sri Lankan territorial waters.</p>

  • Community Forestry

    Community Forestry

    <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>Community Forestry - Nepal</strong></span></p> <p><img alt="" src="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/country/nepal/forestry_hl.jpg" style="border-width: 2px; border-style: solid;" /></p> <p>The most significant regulatory development in support of community forestry was the enactment of the Forest Act in 1993 by the first elected parliament after the 1990 movement for democracy. The 1993 Forest Act guaranteed the rights of local people in forest management. Nepal became the world&rsquo;s first country to enact such radical forest legislation, allowing local communities to take full control of government forest patches under a community forestry program.</p>

  • Privatization of Water

    Privatization of Water

    <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>Privatization of Water</strong></span></p> <p><img alt="" src="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/country/nepal/private_water_hl.jpg" style="border-width: 2px; border-style: solid;" /></p> <p>The World Bank initiated water sector reforms aim primarily at privatizing water utilities and commercializing water resources. The water privatization policy of the World Bank articulated in a 1992 paper entitled &ldquo;Improving Water Resources Management&rdquo; proceeds from the belief that water availability at low or no cost is uneconomical and inefficient.</p>

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