Coal-based power has become a key element of India's energy sector. As the country's energy and power needs continue to grow, the role of coal will remain undiminished for at least the next few decades. Yet, there are a number of challenges facing the coal-power sector, and there are several constraints that will affect its trajectory. There is now a broad and evolving array of technology options for the coal power generation, unlike in the past when subcritical pulverized coal combustion was the dominant technology of choice. There are also varying concerns about the applicability of these emerging technologies for the Indian context. Thus, it is important for India to engage in an in-depth analysis of technology issues as well as strategic planning to allow for appropriate development of the coal-power sector.