Biodiversity Conservation

Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding deterioration of Nayar river, Uttarakhand, 05/06/2025

Order of the National Green Tribunal in the matter of In Re: News Item titled "Nayar river is vanishing - a yatra reveals conservation goes beyond science and policy" appearing in ‘The Down To Earth’ dated 03.06.2025. The original application was registered suo-motu based on the news item titled "Nayar …

Creating a nature positive future: the contribution of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures

Protected areas (PAs) and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) are a cornerstone of biodiversity conservation that provide co-benefits for achievement of the SDGs, in support of a nature-positive future. This report presents the global status of PAs and OECMs and opportunities for action, focusing on coverage and quality elements …

Community land rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): a summary of 2020 analyses

This summary highlights findings of three RRI studies conducted in 2020 as they relate to the DRC. The studies are: The estimated area of land and territories where the rights of Indigenous Peoples, local communities and Afro-descendant Peoples have not been recognized; The identification of opportunities for investments in securing …

Identification and validation of Western African freshwater key biodiversity areas

Western Africa is rich in freshwater biodiversity and regional endemicity, supporting the entire global populations of many threatened freshwater species including fishes, molluscs, dragonflies, crabs, shrimps and aquatic plants. This report builds on a regional baseline assessment completed in 2009 as well as an assessment of freshwater Key Biodiversity Areas …

Community land rights in Kenya: a summary of 2020 analyses

This summary highlights Kenya-specific findings of three RRI studies conducted in 2020 on: The estimated area of land and territories where the rights of Indigenous Peoples, local communities and Afro-descendants have not been recognized. The identification of opportunities for investments in securing collective tenure rights in the forest areas of …

Solutions for development challenges: insights from protected and conserved areas

Alongside their contribution to biodiversity conservation, protected and conserved areas are increasingly recognised as important sources of a wide range of benefits, or ecosystem services, that humans gain from intact, natural ecosystems. Well-governed and well-managed protected areas are among the most effective tools for maintaining ecosystems – such as forests, …

Compendium of case studies and good practices on protected areas and other effective area based conservation measures from the South Asia sub-region

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has grouped all its member states into 12 sub-regional implementation support networks to facilitate the coordination, communication, and implementation of the agreed national priority actions and other commitments for achieving Aichi Target 11. The South Asia sub-region includes nine countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, …

Mainstreaming biodiversity into government decision-making

Biodiversity is declining faster than at any other period in human history. Direct drivers of the decline include changes in land and sea use, over-exploitation of organisms, climate change, pollution and invasive alien species. These drivers are themselves influenced by demographic, macroeconomic and political factors. Such a rapid decline is …

Marine protected areas outlook

The MPA Outlook, from the Nairobi Convention and the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, documents progress made by countries in the region towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 14.5 and provides lessons and opportunities to increase momentum for achieving post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework targets.

Investing in nature to build back better

Given the emergence of the global health crisis in 2020 and the economic fallout thereafter, the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and its partners, discussed the need to initiate discourse on mainstreaming nature into the economic recovery process in India. These discussions led to the initiation of a webinar series under …

Strengthening the development dimensions in the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

The post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) will be a major milestone in global agreements on biodiversity conservation, setting international ambition for the next decade. This guide seeks to support Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) who wish to see strengthened provisions for human development in the draft post-2020 …

Strengthening equity in the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

The post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) will be a major milestone in global agreements on biodiversity conservation, setting international ambition for the next decade. This guide is intended to support Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) who wish to see strengthened equity provisions in the draft GBF. It …

Conflict and conservation

Conflict and conservation focuses on armed conflict and nature. The theme is highly timely as armed conflicts cause great economic and social harm, as well as environmental damage around the world. Conflicts have stretched societies to their limits in terms of financial and human resources. Lives and property have been …

Source-to-sea and landscape approaches : integrating water quality and biodiversity conservation towards the restoration of the Rio Doce watershed

The report contextualises the current status of water quality and biodiversity in the Rio Doce watershed, providing selected data and information on the physical, chemical and biological quality of the water and an overview of the terrestrial, freshwater and marine biodiversity since the dam rupture. A review of the integrated …

The conservation status of marine biodiversity of the Western Indian Ocean

The Western Indian Ocean is comprised of productive and highly diverse marine ecosystems that are rich sources of food security, livelihoods, and natural wonder. The ecological services that species provide are vital to the productivity of these ecosystems and healthy biodiversity is essential for the continued support of economies and …

Communities, conservation and livelihoods

In most places around the world, people are an integral, sometimes dominant, part of the environment. This has two implications. First, a key requirement for sustainability success lies in finding ways to meet the dual goals of conserving nature and providing for the well-being and quality of life of people. …

Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the islands and lagoons of northern Sri Lanka

After the 30-year long civil war was over, the Government of Sri Lanka commenced an accelerated programme to develop the Northern Province. If not carefully planned, such a programme will result in the loss of biodiversity and the consequent loss of services that ecosystems provide humans. Therefore, documenting the biodiversity …

Catalysing State and non-State actors for nature : mapping coalitions and their potential contribution to reduce pressures on biodiversity

In recent decades, partnerships and cooperative initiatives of State and non-State actors have been increasingly called upon by the United Nations to contribute transformative solutions to the challenges of sustainable development. Many of such initiatives strive to end hunger, mitigate climate change or build sustainable cities, and are most deeply …

Building the climate change resilience of Mongolia’s blue pearl: the case study of Khuvsgul Lake National Park

This publication presents the first quantitative assessment of the impact of climate change on a protected area in Mongolia and helps identify adaptation measures to build climate resilience for biodiversity conservation, livelihoods, and tourism. Climate change threatens to undermine the ecological values provided by protected areas, such as the Khuvsgul …

Rights-based conservation: the path to preserving Earth’s biological and cultural diversity?

This report is informed by the imperative to prevent the collapse of biodiversity while respecting the tenure and human rights of Indigenous Peoples (IPs), local communities (LCs), and Afrodescendants (ADs). It seeks to highlight the risks and opportunities for IPs, LCs, and ADs arising out of the proposed expansion of …

Guidelines for geoconservation in protected and conserved areas

These Guidelines are intended to help improve the conservation and management of geoheritage and geodiversity in protected and conserved areas and recognition of the interrelationships and interactions with biological features and processes. They are not a textbook on geoconservation management practice, but rather set out the essential background, context and …

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