Employment

World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2025

In 2024, global employment expanded in line with a growing labour force, keeping the global unemployment rate steady at 5 per cent, similar to that of 2023. Slowing productivity growth remains a major bottleneck with respect to expanding the opportunities for decent work. On the back of stable unemployment rates, …

Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) – Quarterly Bulletin [January – March 2023]

Considering the importance of availability of labour force data at more frequent time intervals, National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) launched Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) in April 2017. On the basis of PLFS, Quarterly Bulletins are brought out, corresponding to different quarters of the survey period, giving estimates of labour …

Global employment policy review 2023: macroeconomic policies for recovery and structural transformation

The second edition of the Global Employment Policy Review (GEPR) focuses on the issue of employment-centred macroeconomic policies for recovery and structural transformation. The Global Employment Policy Review (GEPR) is a biennial publication prepared by the Employment Policy Department of the International Labour Organization (ILO). The purpose of the GEPR …

Decent work in the circular economy: an overview of the existing evidence base

The transition to a circular economy could lead to the creation of millions of new jobs. At the same time, this shift calls for informed policies that promote both job quality and environmental sustainability. However, a new report has shown a lack of research in developing countries, where the vast …

A roadmap for Michigan’s EV future: an assessment of the employment effects and just transition needs

This report discusses the employment effects of Michigan’s auto industry shifting from internal combustion engine vehicle manufacturing to electric vehicle manufacturing, with a focus on supporting a just transition for workers and communities. Using economic modeling from 2024 to 2040, the report highlights the importance of Michigan seizing the opportunities …

Indonesia poverty assessment: pathways towards economic security

Indonesia can build on its impressive track-record of poverty reduction to tackle more ambitious poverty reduction targets. Indonesia has made impressive gains in reducing poverty, with previously lagging regions catching up, and the Government’s goal to eliminate extreme poverty by 2024 practically met. As an aspiring upper middle-income country, however, …

Future of jobs report 2023

Nearly a quarter of global jobs will “change” in the next five years, with 69 million new jobs likely to be created and 83 million lost, according to this new report by the World Economic Forum The Future of Jobs Report 2023 explores how jobs and skills will evolve over …

Policy implications of the gender, inclusion and climate change nexus: experiences from Sri Lanka

Development discourse has long acknowledged the disproportionate impact of climate change and its implications for women and other marginalized social groups and has called for gender-responsive and inclusive climate action in international, national and local arenas. However, some countries are still pursuing development trajectories that fall short on gender sensitivity …

Women and the mine of the future: global report

Uncovering the gender-disaggregated employment profile for large-scale mining, focusing on women and their occupations in 12 countries. Rapid technological advances, increasing calls for sustainability, and the low-carbon energy transition are transforming large-scale mining across the globe. But the lack of high-quality, gender-disaggregated employment data leaves decision-makers ill-equipped to effectively support …

Estimating global and country-level employment in agrifood systems

Global and national policy discourse and agendas are moving beyond traditional silos of agriculture, nutrition, health, and climate change to address the challenges facing agrifood systems (AFS). In this paper, use international labour force statistics to provide the first systematic and documented global estimate quantifying the total number of people …

Economic survey of Delhi 2022-23

Delhi’s per capita income is estimated to have grown by 7.54%, from ₹2.52 lakh in 2021-22 to ₹2.72 lakh in the current fiscal, according to the Economic Survey of Delhi 2022-23 . The per capita income of Delhi has been around 2.6 times higher than the national average, said the …

World employment and social outlook 2023: the value of essential work

Essential workers who kept families, societies and economies going while the world was on COVID lockdown, need better pay and conditions urgently, if countries are to future-proof themselves from the next global crisis, UN labour experts said in this report. At the end of March 2020, 80% of the world’s …

Digital Africa: technological transformation for jobs

All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. "Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs" shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing, digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, it can support not only countries’ …

Mozambique economic update : shaping the future - why services matter for growth and jobs

With economic growth reaching 3.7 percent in 2022, Mozambique’s economy is gaining momentum amid a challenging global context. Agriculture and services saw a good performance, owing to higher agricultural productivity and the full resumption of mobility. Increased external demand and prices for Mozambique’s key export commodities, notably coal and aluminum …

The impact of Covid-19 on South African migrant wage workers and the self-employed

Classified as essential workers, farm workers were “lucky enough” to continue working and earning an income. Yet, this paper highlights how Covid-19 regulations exacerbated their vulnerability due to a pre-existing lack of public regulation and enforcement of basic labour and transport regulation in the sector. Apart from farm workers, the …

Collapse and recovery: how the COVID-19 pandemic eroded human capital and what to do about it

Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has been an enormous shock to mortality, economies, and daily life. But what has received insufficient attention is the impact of the pandemic on the accumulation of human capital—the health, education, and skills—of young people. How large was the setback, and how far are we still …

Journey to extremism in Africa: pathways to recruitment and disengagement

The surge in violent extremism in sub-Saharan Africa undermines hard-won development gains and threatens to hold back progress for generations to come. The need to improve understanding of what drives violent extremism in Africa, and what can be done to prevent it, has never been more urgent. Against this backdrop …

India’s expanding clean energy workforce: 2022 update

This report provides an updated analysis on direct jobs created from solar and wind energy sectors in India in the financial year 2022 (FY22), building on earlier analyses by the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), and Skill Council for Green Jobs (SCGJ). …

From middle class to poverty : the unequal impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Developing Countries

This study combines pre-COVID-19 household surveys with 2020 macro data to simulate changes in household economic welfare and poverty rates through job losses, labor income changes, and non-labor (remittance) income changes during 2020 in Brazil, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, South Africa, and Türkiye. It first presents an in-depth analysis of …

Economic survey 2022-23

India to witness GDP growth of 6.0 per cent to 6.8 per cent in 2023-24, depending on the trajectory of economic and political developments globally. The Union Minister for Finance & Corporate Affairs tabled the Economic Survey 2022-23 in Parliament on 31.01.2023, which projects a baseline GDP growth of 6.5 …

World employment and social outlook: trends 2023

Faltering global employment growth and the pressure on decent working conditions risk undermining social justice, according to this World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2023 report by the ILO. The current global economic slowdown is likely to force more workers to accept lower quality, poorly paid jobs which lack job …

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