In 1532, the Spanish forces led by Francisco Pizarro routed the Inca army at Cajamarca in the northern highlands of Peru, bringing to an end South America’s biggest empire. The Spanish conquistador marched to the Inca capital Cusco in regalia, but claimed the Spaniards were restrained in their show of …
Intrinsic antibiotic resistance has been a fact of bacterium life since long before humans discovered the use of antibiotic drugs. However, the introduction of pharmaceutical antibiotics in the 1940s and explosion in use ever since dramatically accelerated the spread of antibiotic-resistance genes. Today, the problem of antibiotic resistance is so …
The flows of reactive N in terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric ecosystems in India are being increasingly regulated by inputs, use efficiency and leakages of reactive N from agriculture. In the last three decades, use of reactive N in the form of chemical fertilizers has kept pace with the production of …
