Climate Science

Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding deterioration of Nayar river, Uttarakhand, 05/06/2025

Order of the National Green Tribunal in the matter of In Re: News Item titled "Nayar river is vanishing - a yatra reveals conservation goes beyond science and policy" appearing in ‘The Down To Earth’ dated 03.06.2025. The original application was registered suo-motu based on the news item titled "Nayar …

Ocean-measuring satellite launched

A French-US satellite, which will provide the most accurate monitoring ever of rising sea levels and track the effects of climate change, was launched into orbit on Friday from a California base. A rocket carrying the Jason 2 satellite took off from Vandenberg Air Force base. Jason 2 is a …

When crocodiles roamed the Arctic

When Ernest Shackleton and his men marched towards the South Pole in December 1908, they came across something entirely unexpected. After scaling the vast Beardmore glacier on the edge of the polar plateau, they found seams of coal amid the snow and ice. They also found impressions of leaves in …

Natural variability of Greenland climate, vegetation, and ice volume during the past million years

The response of the Greenland ice sheet to global warming is a source of concern notably because of its potential contribution to changes in the sea level. We demonstrated the natural vulnerability of the ice sheet by using pollen records from marine sediment off southwest Greenland that indicate important changes …

Elevation changes in Antarctica mainly determined by accumulation variability

Antarctic Ice Sheet elevation changes, which are used to estimate changes in the mass of the interior regions, are caused by variations in the depth of the firn layer. We quantified the effects of temperature and accumulation variability on firn layer thickness by simulating the 1980

A matter of firn

Estimating ice sheet mass changes from elevation surveys requires adjustments for snow density variations at the ice sheet surface.

Sprucing up Greenland

Pollen data suggest that the Greenland ice sheet was much smaller during previous warm periods.

For a pilot project on deep sea storage of CO2

Wallace S. Broecker One of the world's leading climate scientists challenges Greenpeace's opposition to storing CO2in the depth of the oceans. Most of us who are concerned about global warming agree that an important part of any strategy designed to stem the ongoing build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere …

Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level rise

Here the authors report improved estimates of near-global ocean heat content and thermal expansion for the upper 300m and 700m of the ocean for 1950

Change in the weather

A renewed push for scientific research into weather-modification technologies is long overdue. (Editorial)

Ancient mineral tells of climate

A new analysis of ancient minerals called zircons suggests that earth's earliest continents were probably destroyed by an extremely harsh climate. Zircons, the oldest known materials on earth, offer a window in time back as far as 4.4 billion years ago, when the planet was a mere 150 million years …

Ocean seeding fails the acid test

It all seemed too easy by half: to beat global warming just sprinkle some iron in the ocean, then watch as algae bloom en masse, sucking up carbon dioxide by the tonne. Now the idea is looking increasingly unlikely to go ahead in a big way. In the wake of …

Climate scientists go with the floe

In September 2006, Tara, a 36-metre schooner crewed by eight scientists and engineers, moored up on the Arctic sea ice and spent the next 15 months moving slowly with it across the top of the world. The expedition wasn't aiming for the pole: it was an ambitious attempt to record …

Simultaneous teleseismic and geodetic observations of the stickslip motion of an Antarctic ice stream

Long-period seismic sources associated with glacier motion have been recently discovered, and an increase in ice flow over the past decade has been suggested on the basis of secular changes in such measurements. Their significance, however, remains uncertain, as a relationship to ice flow has not been confirmed by direct …

Scientists create scrubber to suck CO2 from air

In wake of the environmental damage caused by billions of tonnes of greenhouse gases produced each year, researchers at Colombia University in New York claim to have made a major breakthrough towards developing a machine that can

Snowballs from the past

Martin Kennedy and colleagues searched the Australian outback for clues to the transition out of Snowball Earth. The answer, as it turns out, was much closer to home.

Warming maximum in the tropical upper troposphere deduced from thermal winds

There has been a strong disagreement between model predictions of troposphere warming and observations of temperature trends from radiosondes and satellites. However, when tropospheric temperature reconstructions are generated from thermal-wind measurements and the thermal-wind equation for 1970

Elevated weathering rates in the Rocky Mountains during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum

Silicate weathering reactions remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it in carbonate minerals. During the high atmospheric carbon dioxide conditions of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum, rates of chemical weathering, physical erosion and denudation in the western USA were equivalent to the highest recorded rates in the non-glacial …

Fjord insertion into continental margins driven by topographic steering of ice

Fjords line mountainous continental margins where icesheets and glaciers once stood. A two-dimensional model simulation suggests that fjords can be eroded within one million years, primarily in response to topographic ice steering and erosion from ice discharge. Subsequent glaciers that form on these landscapes are smaller and exhibit greater responses …

Marinoan meltdown

The termination of the Marinoan glaciation 635 million years ago is one of the most spectacular climate change events ever recorded. Methane release from equatorial permafrost might have triggered this global meltdown.

Globalized carbon emissions

An index that both climate scientists and policy makers anxiously keep track of is national emission rates of carbon dioxide, particularly for China, which has quickly been catching up with the US, hitherto the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide. Despite all eff orts to the contrary, the rates for …

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