Informal Sector

Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding pollution of Godavari river, Telangana, 29/05/2025

Order of the National Green Tribunal in the matter of News Item titled "Telangana: Deepening pollution crisis in Godawari threatens lives livelihoods appearing in the Telangana Today dated 13.05.2025" dated 29/05/2025. The application was registered suo-motu on the basis of the news item titled Telangana: Deepening pollution crisis in Godawari …

The informal economy: a primer for development professionals on the importance of the informal economy in developing countries

Could the informal economy be the route to deliver the big sustainable development ideals such as the Green Economy, Millennium Development Goals and Poverty Reduction Strategies, given that its share is rapidly increasing and that the poor mostly operate here? In some developing countries, the share of the informal economy …

Bypassing the squalor: New towns, immaterial labour and exclusion in post-colonial urbanisation

India’s “bypass” approach to urbanisation seeks to decongest its post-colonial metropolises by building new towns for a new economy of knowledge-based activities and businesses driven by global capital on their fringes. The globalised economy, hegemonised by immaterial labour, creates conditions for these new towns to culturally secede from their national …

Dont shoot the messenger

An official tirade has been unleashed against official data on employment. But why? (Editorial)  

Key indicators of employment and unemployment in India, 2009-10

The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) during the period July 2009 - June 2010 carried out an all-India household survey on the subject of employment and unemployment in India as a part of 66th round of its survey programme. In this survey, the nation-wide enquiry was conducted to generate estimates …

Labour and employment under Globalisation: The case of Gujarat

On examining the dynamics of the processes of change in the status of labour and employment in the rapidly globalising state of Gujarat in India, this study shows that the rapid growth in the state has not been shared by labour. This has resulted in the state slipping in poverty …

Impact of the Economic crisis on workers in the unorganised sector in Rajasthan

This article analyses the impact of the 2008-09 global economic meltdown on workers in the unorganised sector of the gem polishing and construction industries in Rajasthan. Based on a primary survey, it was found that in the initial phase of the crisis, workers trimmed their spending on their social life. …

The economics of the informal sector in solid waste management

This document presents the results of the study entitled “Economic Aspects of the Informal Sector in Solid Waste Management”. The “informal sector in solid waste management” refers to individuals, families, and private sector (micro-) enterprises working in waste management services and valorisation, whose activities are neither organised, sponsored, financed, contracted, …

Challenges for a minimum social democracy in India

While the discussion on social democracy in western countries often puts the emphasis on its high costs and issues of incentives for work and enterprise, in India high inequality, massive poverty and a vast informal sector make the challenge of implementing social democracy extremely daunting as much as it is …

India, the ILO and the quest for social justice since 1919

Examining the interactions between the International Labour Organisation and India, one of its founding members since 1919, this paper observes that the strength of the relationship has varied over time, but has often benefited both sides. Looking ahead, it points out that the ILO and India face common challenges arising …

Employment in development: Connection between Indian strategy and ILO policy agenda

  Employment is a “soft” subject compared to labour standards – the hard core of the International Labour Organisation’s mandate and agenda. The contribution that the agency can make to a member country regarding employment generally takes the form of assistance in developing approaches, strategies and programmes, rather than direct action. …

Promoting the growth and development of smallholder seed enterprises for food security crops

A policy guide from the FAO, titled "Promoting the Growth and Development of Smallholder Seed Enterprises for Food Security Crops," describes lessons learned from case studies of smallholder seed enterprises in Brazil, India and Cote d'Ivoire. The development of smallholder seed enterprises represents an important opportunity to provide high quality …

Recovering resources, creating opportunities: integrating the informal sector into solid waste management

This report summarizes the results of the GIZ sector project "Recycling Partnerships". It describes the activities of the informal waste sector in different countries and presents approaches and successful experiences to integrate informal workers in solid waste management systems.  

Promoting the growth and development of smallholder seed enterprises for food security crops

Agriculture is the mainstay of the economies of developing countries and the source of livelihood for the majority of their populations. In view of this, it is considered crucial that the performance of agriculture should ensure food security and provide a strong economic base. Towards this aim, improved seeds have …

Leading the eco-friendly revolution

While more than 90% of lead batteries are recycled, there is a growing emphasis on environment and safety.

Formality and functionality in Indian cities

There are a number of issues that need to be debated about India’s urbanization. While the popular perception is that of a deluge of migrants into urban areas, others (I among them) are concerned that our urbanization is too slow. There are questions of location – whether we seek to …

Legal protection for street vendors

The Supreme Court has directed the government to pass the Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Bill, 2009 by 30 June 2011. However, the bill does not include significant clauses of the National Policy for Urban Street Vendors as recommended by the National Commission on Enterprises …

Municipal waste management report: status-quo and issues in Southeast and East Asian countries

Solid waste management is one of the major environmental burdens particularly in megacities of many developed and developing Asian countries. An alarming rate of solid waste generation trends can be seen parallel to urbanization, industrialization and economic development. This environmental burden continues to be a major pressing issue threatening the …

The seven myths of slums: challenging popular prejudices about the worlds urban poor

The increasing rate of slum growth in the Global South is the direct result of an international development paradigm that fails to prioritise the basic needs of the poor. A world without urban poverty cannot be realised without a redistribution of power and resources on the national and global level, …

Manage e-waste the EU way

ELECTRICAL and electronic equipment produced in India will not contain toxic substances like cadmium, mercury and lead, according to a new legislation on managing growing e-waste. E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules that specify EU norms for Indian electronics, will be effective from 2012. Reduction in the Use of Hazardous Substances …

Watertight

Tapasya Mohan, a 29-year-old executive in a telecom company, recently purchased a refrigerator. She did not go by looks but the five-star label on the fridge for energy efficiency. She did not mind paying more; the salesman convinced her she would save more in the long run on her electricity …

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