Pledges of almost three billion dollars of emergency aid were made at a food price crisis summit on Wednesday but UN chief Ban Ki-moon warned that up to 20 billion dollars a year would be needed to avoid disaster. "We simply cannot afford to fail," the UN Secretary-General said at the food security summit. "Hundreds of millions of people expect no less," he added. The extra resources that might be as required will cost between 15 billion and 20 billion dollars a year, Mr Ban told a news conference. New funding, totalling some 2.7 billion dollars, was announced on the second day of the summit in Rome, where Mr Ban has already demanded a 50 per cent increase in food production by 2030. The UN World Food Programme announced $1.2 billion in new food aid to help "the tens of millions of people hardest hit by the crisis." The Islamic Development Bank would spend $1.5 billion on agriculture in the poorest countries, food and agriculture organisation director general Jacques Diouf announced. Food prices have doubled in three years, according to the World Bank, sparking riots in Egypt and Haiti and in many African nations. Brazil, Vietnam, India and Egypt have all imposed food export restrictions. Leaders at the summit were finalising an action plan, Mr Ban said, while warning that it will require "substantial and sustained financial and political commitment." John Holmes, head of the UN task force on the food crisis, said a "broad consensus" was building around the action plan, which should be completed by the end of this month for presentation at the G8 meeting in Japan. World Bank president Robert Zoellick called for the lifting of trade barriers that contribute to food price inflation. "We need an international call to remove export bans and restrictions," Mr Zoellick told a news conference. "These controls encourage hoarding, drive up prices and hurt the poorest people around the world who are struggling to feed themselves," he said. Trade barriers "must be lifted at the minimum for humanitarian food purchases and transportation by the WFP," he said. Humanitarian charity Oxfam spokesman said that criticising developing countries' trade barriers distracted from the need for wealthy countries to re-examine their own trade policies. "Rich countries would do better to focus on fixing their own policies instead of criticising developing country governments," he said.