Research

R&D roadmap for green hydrogen ecosystem in India

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has published the R&D; Roadmap for Green Hydrogen Ecosystem in India. This document was published on 13th October, 2023. One of the central pillars of the National Green Hydrogen Mission is the establishment of a supportive research and innovation ecosystem for green hydrogen …

The evolution of acoustic size exaggeration in terrestrial mammals

Recent studies have revealed that some mammals possess adaptations that enable them to produce vocal signals with much lower fundamental frequency (F0) and formant frequency spacing (ΔF) than expected for their size. Although these adaptations are assumed to reflect selection pressures for males to lower frequency components and exaggerate body …

Direct skeletal attachment prosthesis for the amputee athlete: the unknown potential

Lower limb amputees often experience complications with the use of conventional socket-type prostheses, which further reduce their already compromised ability to perform the activities of daily living, or to participate in sporting activities. During the last two decades, a new technology of direct skeletal attachment (osseointegration) of prosthesis to the …

Elite wheelchair rugby: a quantitative analysis of chair configuration in Australia

Limited recommendations of wheelchair configurations for court sports have been identified in the published literature. To accommodate the wide range of impairments in wheelchair rugby, players are given a point score that reflects their impairment. Players have regularly been grouped as high-, mid-, or low-point players in research, with high-point …

NOV/CCN3: A new Adipocytokine involved in obesity-associated insulin resistance

Identification of new adipokines that potentially link obesity to insulin resistance represents a major challenge. We recently showed that NOV/CCN3, a multifunctional matricellular protein, is synthesized and secreted by adipose tissue, with plasma levels highly correlated with BMI. NOV involvement in tissue repair, fibrotic and inflammatory diseases, and cancer has …

Treatment outcomes for patients with extensively drug-resistant Tuberculosis, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape Provinces, South Africa

The researchers analyzed data for a retrospective cohort of patients treated for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in 2 provinces in South Africa and compared predictors of treatment outcome in HIV-positive patients who received or had not received antiretroviral drugs with those for HIV-negative patients. Overall, 220 (62.0%) of 355 patients were …

The future of scientific advice to the United Nations

The world is facing an array of new challenges that call for new ways of thinking to craft effective solutions that are to the benefit of all. In a world of increasing limits, we must nurture our greatest renewable energy – this is ingenuity and creativity. This is the importance …

Standing on the shoulders of giant viruses: Five lessons learned about large viruses infecting small eukaryotes and the opportunities they create

Viruses are generally considered to be amongst the smallest bioactive particles; dating back to the original observations, including those of luminaries such as Ivanosky and Beijerinck, size has always been at issue within the definition, a tradition that continued for many years. It was thus a surprise to the scientific …

From Mars missions to finding alien life: Nasa makes ALL its research available to read online for free

What would a day be like on Mars? Could there be life on Titan? If you went into space, what would happen to your hair follicles? Although these might not be questions you have ever asked yourself, you can now find out the answer. The questions are just some addressed …

Framing young childrens oral health: A participatory action research project

Despite the widespread acknowledgement of the importance of childhood oral health, little progress has been made in preventing early childhood caries. Limited information exists regarding specific daily-life and community-related factors that impede optimal oral hygiene, diet, care, and ultimately oral health for children. We sought to understand what parents of …

Additive effects of millimeter waves and 2-deoxyglucose co-exposure on the human keratinocyte transcriptome

Millimeter Waves (MMW) will be used in the next-generation of high-speed wireless technologies, especially in future Ultra-Broadband small cells in 5G cellular networks. Therefore, their biocompatibilities must be evaluated prior to their massive deployment. Using a microarray-based approach, we analyzed modifications to the whole genome of a human keratinocyte model …

Research and Development in Iron and Steel Sector: Standing Committee on Coal and Steel (2015-16)

The Standing Committee on Coal and Steel present this Twenty-First Report (Sixteenth Lok Sabha) on the subject "Research and Development in Iron and Steel Sector" relating to the Ministry of Steel. Steel is a core industry critical for India's future growth and development. Indian Steel Sector contributes nearly 2% to …

Phylogeographic patterns in Africa and high resolution delineation of genetic clades in the Lion (Panthera leo)

Comparative phylogeography of African savannah mammals shows a congruent pattern in which populations in West/Central Africa are distinct from populations in East/Southern Africa. However, for the lion, all African populations are currently classified as a single subspecies (Panthera leo leo), while the only remaining population in Asia is considered to …

Concentration dynamics of coarse and fine particulate matter at and around signalised traffic intersections

The understanding of rapidly evolving concentrations of particulate matter (PMC) at signalised traffic intersections (TIs) is limited, but it is important for accurate exposure assessment. We performed “mobile” and “fixed-site” monitoring of size-resolved PMCs in the 0.25–34 μm range at TIs. On-road mobile measurements were made inside a car under …

Epigenetics and aging

Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have revealed that progressive changes to epigenetic information accompany aging in both dividing and nondividing cells. Functional studies in model organisms and humans indicate that epigenetic changes have a huge influence on the aging process. These epigenetic changes occur at various …

Earliest hominin cancer: 1.7-million-year-old osteosarcoma from Swartkrans Cave, South Africa

The reported incidence of neoplasia in the extinct human lineage is rare, with only a few confirmed cases of Middle or Later Pleistocene dates reported. It has generally been assumed that pre-modern incidence of neoplastic disease of any kind is rare and limited to benign conditions, but new fossil evidence …

Is the government justified in reducing R&D tax incentives?

A vast majority of studies assessing the impact of R&D; tax incentives provided across the world conclude that such tax incentives spur investments. However, in India only a limited number of fi rms, especially small and medium ones, have actually been taking advantage of the state’s fi scal generosity.

Metarhizium brunneum Blastospore Pathogenesis in Aedes aegypti Larvae: Attack on several fronts accelerates mortality

Aedes aegypti is the vector of a wide range of diseases (e.g. yellow fever, dengue, Chikungunya and Zika) which impact on over half the world’s population. Entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana have been found to be highly efficacious in killing mosquito larvae but only now are …

Osteogenic tumour in Australopithecus sediba: Earliest hominin evidence for neoplastic disease

We describe the earliest evidence for neoplastic disease in the hominin lineage. This is reported from the type specimen of the extinct hominin Australopithecus sediba from Malapa, South Africa, dated to 1.98 million years ago. Original Source

Mutagenicity and pollutant emission factors of solid-fuel cookstoves: Comparison with other combustion sources

Emissions from solid fuels used for cooking cause ~4 million premature deaths per year. Advanced solid-fuel cookstoves are a potential solution, but they should be assessed by appropriate performance indicators, including biological effects. The researchers evaluated two categories of solid-fuel cookstoves for eight pollutant and four mutagenicity emission factors, correlated …

Stop teaching Indians to copy and paste

Major reform of education in India should encourage original thinking to boost the nation's research, argues Anurag Chaurasia. Original Source

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