Environment Economics

Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding large scale felling of toddy yielding palm trees in Bihar, 05/06/2025

Order of the National Green Tribunal in the matter of In Re: News Item titled "Are missing palm trees causing more lighting deaths in Bihar appearing in ‘The Times of India’ dated 29.05.2025". The original application was registered suo-motu based on the news item titled "Are missing palm trees causing …

Bioeconomy: shaping the transition to a sustainable, biobased economy

This book defines the new field of "Bioeconomy" as the sustainable and innovative use of biomass and biological knowledge to provide food, feed, industrial products, bioenergy and ecological services. The chapters highlight the importance of bioeconomy-related concepts in public, scientific, and political discourse. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the authors outline …

Multiple pathways to sustainable development: further evidence of sustainability in practice

The report, entitled Multiple Pathways to Sustainable Development: Further Evidence of Sustainability in Practice begins by looking at Germany’s efforts to introduce a “circular economy”, a system where products, components and resources are designed to be maintained, reused, remanufactured and recycled to reduce the high levels of waste produced by …

Air-pollution and economics: diesel bus versus electric bus

The Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) took an initiative to check the overall benefits of introducing electric buses as a suitable replacement for the diesel buses to tackle the burgeoning pollution in the city of Bengaluru, India. For a trial run of three months, an electric bus was procured from …

Conserving tropical biodiversity via market forces and spatial targeting

Protected public lands are insufficient to halt the loss of global biodiversity. However, most commercial landowners need incentives to engage in conservation. Through an interdisciplinary study examining palm-oil plantations in Sumatra, we demonstrate that (i) joint consideration of both biodiversity and economic relationships permits the spatial targeting of areas that …

The bioeconomics of spatial-dynamic systems in natural resource management

We synthesize literature on the spatial aspects of coupled natural-human systems across a variety of natural resource contexts and introduce a framework that can be used to compare modeling approaches and findings across applications. The important components of these systems include spatial heterogeneity in benefits and costs and connectivity of …

Measuring progress towards an inclusive green economy

This publication intends to foster a better understanding and utilization of green economy indicators. “Measuring Progress Towards a Green Economy” is a practical guidebook that looks at how indicators can be used in a way that specifically supports and tracks green economy policies.

Going green: how cities are leading the next economy

The LSE Cities/ICLEI survey on Cities and the Green Economy provides an up-to-date overview on the experiences of cities around the world in the transition to the green economy. The survey was conducted in the run-up to Rio+20 in order to increase awareness of the strengths and weaknesses of cities …

Nature and its role in the transition to a green economy

This report aims to clarify and help mainstream nature’s role in the transition to a green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication. It contributed to discussions at the Rio+20 Conference and will continue to support the development of green economy strategies and plans as well as …

The promiscuous history of market efficiency: the development of early emissions trading systems

To investigate the ‘promiscuous history’ of the efficiency of emissions trading markets, I draw from Actor Network Theory and specifically the work of Bruno Latour, highlighting how the commonly made claim to efficiency was constructed as a ‘fact’. I trace the processes, beginning in the early 1970s, that constructed first …

Environment matters 2012

Environment Matters, the annual review on the environment by the World Bank Group, usually highlights the environmental research, accomplishments, and challenges of the Bank’s regions in the past year. This year, however, with the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development taking place, Environment Matters 2012 takes a retrospective look …

Greenwash+20: how some powerful corporations are standing in the way of sustainable development

This report is a sequel to the Greenpeace Book on Greenwash that was published a few days before the 1992 Earth Summit. That report documented the special relationship and undue influence that big business had on the Rio process. It introduced the concept of greenwash to a global audience, and …

Governance challenges for greening the urban economy: understanding and assessing the links between governance and green economy in cities

This report proposes a set of governance criteria to assess the greening of urban processes that go beyond the decision-making procedures, and includes the capacity to implement change, the results in greening the economy, and final outcomes on the ground. The authors also look at the obstacles, achievements and lessons …

Inclusive green growth: the pathway to sustainable development

Inclusive Green Growth: The Pathway to Sustainable Development makes the case that greening growth is necessary, efficient, and affordable. Yet spurring growth without ensuring equity will thwart efforts to reduce poverty and improve access to health, education, and infrastructure services. Countries must make strategic investments and farsighted policy changes that …

Accounting for nature's benefits: The dollar value of ecosystem services

Healthy ecosystems provide us with fertile soil, clean water, timber, and food. They reduce the spread of diseases. They protect against flooding. Worldwide, they regulate atmospheric concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide. They moderate climate. Without these and other “ecosystem services,” we’d all perish.

Eco² cities guide: ecological cities as economic cities

Eco² Cities: Ecological Cities as Economic Cities is a sustainable urban development initiative launched by the World Bank as an integral part of its Urban and Local Government Strategy. Its objective is to help cities in developing countries achieve greater ecological and economic sustainability in synergy. An integrated approach across …

Pro-poor benefit distribution in REDD+: who gets what and why does it matter?

Ensuring that the poor or the most vulnerable sections of society benefit from REDD+ projects is crucial to building both national and international legitimacy and to fostering successful delivery of conservation and social objectives. In both academic and non-academic literature, issues of the equity of benefit-sharing at a community or …

Towards a green economy: pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication

The greening of economies is not generally a drag on growth but rather a new engine of growth says this new UNEP report & outlines actions and investments needed for a global ‘green economy’ – one that is low-carbon, resource-efficient and socially-inclusive. The Green Economy Report is compiled by UNEP’s …

Report of the sub-group on environment for 12th Five Year Plan

The report of the Sub-group on ‘Environment’ discusses various policies and programmes of MoEF, institutional setup for environment management, progress of various schemes in the 11th Five Year Plan and suggests recommendations for the 12th Five Year Plan.

Resource efficiency: economics and outlook (REEO) for Asia and the Pacific

This report provides an overview of resource use patterns in Asia and the Pacific, explains why sustainable resource use and resource efficiency will become an economic and social imperative for the region, and presents information on how to achieve resource efficiency and sustainable resource use through well-designed policies. The objective …

TEEB manual for cities: ecosystem services in urban management

This practical guide for cities is highlighting how a focus on ecosystem services and their valuation can create direct benefits for urban areas and can be performed even with limited resources. The TEEB Manual is a practical resource, outlining the step-wise approach introduced in the TEEB report with in-depth real-life …

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