Green House Gases

Judgment of the National Green Tribunal regarding plywood factories operating in Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, 27/05/2025

Judgment of the National Green Tribunal, May 27, 2025 in the matter of Sumit Saini Vs Shree Ram Steel Industries & Others. Sumit Saini, resident of village Damla, District Yamuna Nagar, Haryana had sent a letter petition dated May 14, 2022 to the NGT. The application said that around 25 …

Soil carbon sequestration by agriculture: policy options

Net soil carbon sequestration on agricultural lands could offset 4% of annual global human-induced GHG emissions over the rest of the century and make an important contribution to meeting the targets of the Paris Agreement. To harness this potential of the agricultural sector to positively contribute to the sustainability agenda, …

Repurposing agricultural policies and support: options to transform agriculture and food systems to better serve the health of people, economies, and the planet

The report finds that repurposing a portion of government spending on agriculture each year to develop and disseminate more emission-efficient technologies for crops and livestock could reduce overall emissions from agriculture by more than 40 percent. Meanwhile, millions of hectares of land could be restored to natural habitats. The economic …

Advancing climate solutions: 2022 progress report

ExxonMobil’s ambition for net zero is backed by a comprehensive approach to develop Scope 1 and Scope 2 emission-reduction roadmaps for major facilities and assets. The net-zero ambition, contained in the company’s Advancing Climate Solutions - 2022 Progress Report, builds on ExxonMobil’s 2030 emission-reduction plans which includes net-zero plans for …

Impact of energy innovation on greenhouse gas emissions: moderation of regional integration and social inequality in Asian economies

In order to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Asian countries are trying to realize the potential of energy innovation. However, several structural issues might deter the expected impact of energy innovation on GHG emissions. Given the ecologically unsustainable economic growth trajectory of …

Climate change and environment action plan of Pune district

This Climate Change and Environment Action Plan studies the past, present and the future of the district of Pune from both the climate and policy perspective to know where the district stands in terms of meeting India’s climate commitments. Based on the findings, it evolves concrete recommendations and the way …

NDCs and renewable energy targets in 2021: are we on the right path to a climate-safe future?

Under the Paris Agreement and COP26, countries enhanced their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and declared ambitious mitigation pledges such as net zero. Despite making a sizeable difference to greenhouse gas emissions and global temperature rise, we still need to set the world on a climate-safe pathway. Governments, financial institutions, and …

China's long-term low-carbon development strategies and pathways: comprehensive report

This book introduces a multi-disciplinary and comprehensive research on China's long-term low-carbon emission strategies and pathways. After comprehensively considering China’s own socioeconomic conditions, policy design, energy mix, and other macro-development trends and needs, the research team has proposed suggestions on China’s low-carbon development strategies and pathways until 2050, with required …

Non-state and subnational climate action in India: an overview of the current landscape, emission reduction potential and implementation

This study aims to obtain enhanced understanding of subnational (e.g. cities and subnational regions) and non-state (e.g. companies) actors’ action on GHG emissions reductions in India. Specifically, present an overview of findings in the recent literature on (i) landscape of non-state and subnational action, (ii) interactions between Indian policy making …

Non-state and subnational climate action in China: an overview of the current landscape, emission reduction potential and implementation

The report present a brief overview of emerging climate action by cities, regions, and companies in the two largest greenhouse gas emitters in the Global South. The Paris climate agreement adopted in 2015 recognised “non-Party stakeholders” mainly comprised of non-state actors (e.g. businesses, investors and civil society organisations) and subnational …

Building blocks for a low-carbon economy: catalytic policy and infrastructure for decarbonizing the United States by 2050

This working paper identifies key climate policies and investments and estimates their emissions-reduction potential and associated costs, which can enable the United States to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 50–52% compared to 2005 levels by 2030 and reach net-zero GHG emissions by midcentury, the goals set by the …

Building blocks for a low-carbon economy: catalytic policy and infrastructure for decarbonizing the United States by 2050

This working paper identifies key climate policies and investments and estimates their emissions-reduction potential and associated costs, which can enable the United States to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 50–52% compared to 2005 levels by 2030 and reach net-zero GHG emissions by midcentury, the goals set by the …

Fuel consumption from new passenger cars in India: manufacturers’ performance in fiscal year 2020–21

This is the latest in a series of studies assessing how manufacturer groups are performing with respect to India’s fuel consumption standards, which are slated to become more stringent in fiscal year (FY) 2022–23. This study also compares the technology included in best-in-class vehicles in Europe and India. India had …

State of climate tech 2021: scaling breakthroughs for net zero

Arguably the greatest innovation challenge humankind has ever faced is staring us in the face: the world has ten years to halve global greenhouse gas emissions until 2050 to reach net zero. PwC’s analysis this year explores how investors are securing both climate impact and commercial returns from this emerging …

South Africa flagship on green mobility: Johannesburg Metrobus, Part I - Greening the future fleet

This research focuses on an emissions control strategy for the Metrobus fleet in Johannesburg, South Africa. While Metrobus has not set any fleetwide emissions reduction targets, both the Johannesburg Integrated Development Plan (IDP) for 2017/2018 and South Africa’s National Green Transport Strategy (GTS) have endorsed deployment of diesel dual-fuel (DDF) …

The 2021 EPA automotive trends report: greenhouse gas emissions, fuel economy, and technology since 1975

This annual report is part of EPA’s commitment to provide the public with information about new light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fuel economy, technology data, and auto manufacturers' performance in meeting the agency’s GHG emissions standards. Model year 2020 new vehicle estimated real world CO2 emissions are at a …

Climate mitigation co-benefits from sustainable nutrient management in agriculture

Nitrogen management policies introduced in the past decades by some OECD countries have succeeded in reducing excess nitrogen use by farmers, but half of global mineral fertiliser use is still lost for crops. While about half of OECD countries have nutrient surpluses of between 25-50 kg N per hectare, a …

The Climate Change Performance Index 2022

Developed by Germanwatch, NewClimate Institute and CAN, the CCPI analyses and compares climate change mitigation efforts across 60 countries (plus EU as a whole) with the highest emissions. Together these countries account for 90 percent of global emissions. The index aims to enhance transparency in international climate politics and enable …

Greening the blue report 2021

With significant travel restrictions and large portions of personnel working from home in 2020, the UN system generated approximately 25 per cent fewer greenhouse emissions than in the year before. That’s one of the key points to emerge from the Greening the Blue Report 2021, the first study to reveal …

The annual climate action monitor: helping countries advance towards net zero

The Climate Action Monitor, part of the International Programme for Action of Climate (IPAC), provides a diagnostic policy framework for assessing country progress towards climate objectives. Its goal is to provide a digest of progress towards, and alignment with, Paris Agreement goals to support countries in making better-informed decisions and …

Carbon pricing for green recovery and growth

This publication discusses how carbon pricing instruments can be designed to help achieve net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets while enabling economic recovery from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Carbon pricing is a key element of the broader climate policy architecture that can help countries reduce GHG emissions cost-effectively, while …

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