The IMF’s April 2025 Regional Economic Outlook for Sub-Saharan Africa presents a clear warning: regional growth is slowing, debt pressures are mounting, and donor assistance is declining. Yet the report outlines critical opportunities particularly in domestic revenue mobilization, structural reform, and private sector activation that can shape a more resilient …
Accountability is essential for global climate action and governance. The issue brief analyses the existing transparency and compliance mechanism under the Paris Agreement. Further, it discusses the challenges in ownership of targets and obligations under climate agreements amongst member countries. Over the last few decades, governments have collectively made a …
Various public development banks provide unearmarked loans to countries in exchange for policy and institutional reforms through what are known as “policy-based operations”. Especially in an economic crisis, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, policy-based operations make up a significant proportion of all lending for several development banks. Despite their …
This synthesis report on long-term low-emission development strategies synthesizes information from the 53 latest available long-term low-emission development strategies, representing 62 Parties to the Paris Agreement, submitted to the secretariat as at 23 September 2022.
This report has been prepared in response to the request from CMA 3 for the secretariat to annually update the NDC synthesis report. This version of the NDC synthesis report synthesizes information from the 166 latest available NDCs, representing 193 Parties to the Paris Agreement, including the 142 new or …
This issue brief examines the urgency to address loss and damage and its associated impacts. It highlights the different perspectives to understand loss and damage and discusses the fundamental gaps and challenges surrounding the issue. Further, the study analyses the latest Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and offers insights about how …
The COP26 climate summit in Glasgow saw important progress made on the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA). However, there is much work still to be done to bring the GGA concept to life. Striking a balance between the GGA serving its ‘global’ purpose, whilst providing countries flexibility to describe their …
This report synthesises the main messages from the Resilience Hub and aims to help set the direction for future action towards COP27 and beyond. The report first provides an overview of the key adaptation and resilience decisions and announcements that took place during COP26; it then presents the key messages …
Glasgow Climate Pact failed to understand that climate justice is the pre-requisite for an effective and ambitious global agreement, said Centre for Science and Environment. “Has the Glasgow Climate Pact succeeded in going far enough to keep the world below a 1.5°C temperature rise – necessary to ensure that our …
Climate ambition is nuanced and context specific – but what is clear is that the most vulnerable countries in the world continue to demonstrate leadership in preparing more ambitious climate pledges under the Paris Agreement, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (or NDCs). This report explores trends emerging from “second-generation” pledges …
The 10 recommendations in the COP26 Special Report on Climate Change and Health propose a set of priority actions from the global health community to governments and policy makers, calling on them to act with urgency on the current climate and health crises. The recommendations were developed in consultation with …
This publication provides insights on deliberations regarding the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) transition and implications for Asia and the Pacific, in preparation for the 26th Conference of Parties (COP26). This publication aims to increase knowledge and understanding of the CDM transition along with its relevance to economies in the Asia …
Amid renewed urgency to achieve deep reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions, this paper analyses the mechanisms of international diffusion of climate policies and the role these mechanisms play in the domestic adoption of such policies. Globally coordinated climate action has resulted in suboptimal GHG emission reductions and unilateral, second-best, …
This technical note describes a method for determining whether and to what extent Parties to the Paris Agreement have enhanced their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) with respect to greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation.
A paper on the perspective of Least Developed Countries (LDCs) calls for stronger emissions cuts and financial compensation for the impacts they are expected to suffer from climate change. The paper was released in July 2021 ahead of the Glasgow Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP 26). The paper published by …
The study, supported by Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation, provides an overview of the performance of developed countries under the pre-2020 climate regime. It is a first-of-its-kind research in a developing country that seeks to illustrate clearly the performance of developed countries in the Kyoto Protocol and Doha Amendment. It does …
Achieving the mitigation goals of the Paris Agreement calls for a shift in where and how our food is produced, processed and transported to consumers. At the same time, this shift needs reinforcing with changes in our eating habits and how much food we waste. Development finance has the potential …
In order for development finance institutions, including multilateral development banks and bilateral, regional and national development banks to “align” themselves with the Paris Agreement, they must make sure that their activities conducted through financial intermediaries are also aligned. It is important for intermediated finance to align with overall temperature and …
India is not only on track to meet its Nationally Determined Commitment (to reduce the emission intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030) but may even exceed the commitment and achieve a reduction of 39–40 per cent if the current rate of …
A new report co-authored by University of Liverpool ocean scientists highlights why the ocean matters in climate negotiations and suggests positive actions nations can take as the countdown to COP26 is underway. On World Oceans Day, and ahead of the G7, a group of leading UK experts shine a spotlight …
In 2017, the International Development Finance Club (IDFC) together with the group of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) made a joint commitment to “align financial flows with the Paris Agreement”. Since then, IDFC members as well as other financial institutions committed to alignment have recognized that aligning financial flows across all …
