The World Meteorological Organization’s State of the Climate in Asia 2024 report warns that the region is warming nearly twice as fast as the global average, driving more extreme weather and posing serious threats to lives, ecosystems, and economies. In 2024, Asia experienced its warmest or second warmest year on …
This guidance assists policymakers in designing national mitigation strategies for the refrigeration, air conditioning and foam (RAC&F;) sector to meet the increasing ambition levels expected in revised NDCs. By aligning efforts taken under the two relevant international regimes, the UNFCCC and the Montreal Protocol, the RAC&F; sector can make a …
Multilevel climate action: The path to 1.5 degrees is a synthesis report of data from the carbonn Climate Registry. It looks at subnational alignment with the 1.5-degree target, key climate hazards and how two-way dialogue and data-sharing can raise climate ambitions. Special attention is given to the importance of integrated …
Several countries are developing nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) in the livestock sector. Compared to research on emission factors, much less attention has been paid to understanding systems for collecting activity data on change in livestock management practices and animal performance. This paper presents a framework for synthetic assessment of …
This working paper aims to bring greater clarity to nontechnical audiences such as climate policymakers by offering a systematic comparison among methods used and forest monitoring results generated by REDD+ countries and global forest monitoring initiatives. First, review deforestation estimates in 33 national and subnational forest reference emission level (FREL) …
Mitigation of greenhouse gases in the land sector is complex and has a unique set of challenges. The most significant challenges arise from the geographically diffuse nature of the emissions sources (compared to, for example, point-based energy sources of emissions), the vast array of potential management responses, the ongoing effects …
The initiative known as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, Conservation and Enhancement of Forest Carbon and Sustainable Forest Management (REDD+) focuses on avoiding deforestation and forest degradation, conserving and sustainably managing forests, and enhancing forest carbon stocks. Over the last few years, REDD+ activities in developing countries have …
Improved national financial monitoring systems will increase accountability on climate change spending and foster transparency for global efforts to reach the goals outlined through the Paris Agreement and 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, according to a joint study issued today by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Latin …
This book presents the ever progressing state of the art in evaluating climate change strategies and action. It builds upon a selection of relevant and practical papers and presentations given at the 2nd International Conference on Evaluating Climate Change and Development held in Washington DC in 2014 and includes perspectives …
This report gives an overview of current practices, challenges and opportunities in the measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of livestock greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and emission reductions by developing countries in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). MRV of livestock GHG emissions is relevant …
MobiliseYourCity, a partnership among cities all over the globe for integrated urban development planning in emerging and develping countries, has recently issued a publication on monitoring and reporting GHG emissions in urban transport. This document, co-written by GIZ and Cerema (Centre d’études et d’expertise sur les risques, l’environnement, la mobilité …
This dissertation examines the performance of REDD+ MRV in terms of its implementation and institutionalization in developing countries, and the political processes by which such institutionalization occurs. Specifically, it examines: the institutional effectiveness of REDD+ MRV; how the concept of REDD+ MRV and associated ideas have materialized in new institutional …
Results-based financing is a well-established financing modality in the health and education sectors but it is still in an early stage of deployment in the area of climate change. This report reviews 74 results-based climate financing (RBCF) programs implemented in developing countries with an objective to: assess the characteristics and …
Recent years have seen renewed and growing interest in policy instruments that put a price on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through the adoption of carbon taxes. While up until 2008 only a handful of European countries had adopted explicit taxes on GHG emissions, by February 2017 some 24 countries and …
Actively engaging women in climate mitigation activities can yield multiple benefits, including improved jobs,better livelihoods, and more equitable revenue flows. Efforts are moving forward to design climate funding mechanisms to help capture these benefits, but policy makers and other stakeholders need more guidance on designing gender-responsive climate policies and funding …
Countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean urgently need financial support to green their power sectors and thereby implement their national climate action plans under the Paris Climate Change Agreement. This is a key finding of a survey conducted by the secretariat of the UN Framework Convention …
With 184 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) under development, and only 19 having secured (partial) funding, a large gap remains at NAMA implementation level. This is one of the findings of the Annual NAMA Status Report 2016 by Ecofys and ECN which has been launched at the UN climate summit. …
This study proposes a Standardized Crediting Framework (SCF) as a new approach to crediting emission reductions for energy access, which goes beyond the current Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Programme of Activities (PoA) model, has lower transaction costs and encourages private sector engagement in energy access investments. It is a concept …
This paper looks at existing and future climate clubs or club-like arrangements, which bring together groups of national Governments, cities and other sub-national jurisdictions, and business organisations, in pursuit of joint plans for climate change mitigation, and also adaptation. It considers how these climate clubs might adopt emissions trading or …
When it comes to climate action, effective measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of emissions and emissions reductions is critical to help countries understand GHG sources and trends, design mitigation strategies, enhance credibility and take other policy actions. The challenge is that MRV can mean a lot of different things and, …
This report describes and estimates implementation costs for key monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) requirements for low emissions development programs requiring MRV systems. MRV system development and setup costs vary significantly—from a low of $210,000 to a high of $2.44 million—mostly due to the area covered by the Nationally Appropriate …
