River Basin

Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding deterioration of Nayar river, Uttarakhand, 05/06/2025

Order of the National Green Tribunal in the matter of In Re: News Item titled "Nayar river is vanishing - a yatra reveals conservation goes beyond science and policy" appearing in ‘The Down To Earth’ dated 03.06.2025. The original application was registered suo-motu based on the news item titled "Nayar …

Measuring transboundary water cooperation: learning from the past to inform the Sustainable Development Goals

Water cooperation has received prominent focus in the post-2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While proposals for measuring water cooperation appear to be converging toward a small set of indicators, the degree to which these proposed indicators draw on past work is unclear. This paper mines relevant past work …

The Himalayan climate and water atlas: impact of climate change on water resources in five of Asia’s major river basins

The first atlas of its kind, this new publication offers a comprehensive, regional understanding of the changing climate and its impact on water resources in five of the major river basins in the region: the Indus, Brahmaputra, Ganges, Salween and Mekong. The atlas shows clearly that the region’s climate, which …

Influence of basin characteristics on the effectiveness and downstream reach of interbasin water transfers: displacing a problem

Interbasin water transfers are globally important water management strategies, yet little is known about their role in the hydrologic cycle at regional and continental scales. Specifically, there is a dearth of centralized information on transfer locations and characteristics, and few analyses place transfers into a relevant hydrological context. We assessed …

Question raised in Rajya Sabha on Level of pollution in rivers, 07/12/2015

Question raised in Rajya Sabha on Level of pollution in rivers, 07/12/2015. The Water Resources Information System (WRIS) database developed by Central Water Commission alongwith Indian Space Research Organisation includes 15615 numbers of identified rivers/streams in the country. The basin-wise number of rivers/streams identified are at Annexure-I. Discharge of untreated …

Transboundary water governance and climate change adaptation: International law, policy guidelines and best practice application

This WWAP publication (produced in close collaboration with IUCN Environmental Law Center, University of Dundee IHP-HELP Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science and Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research) explores the role of water governance in a transboundary context, in a way that identifies best practice examples of effective policy …

Policies lost in translation? Unravelling water reform processes in African waterscapes

Since the 1980s a major change took place in public policies for water resources management. The role of governments shifted under this reform process from directing, and investing in, the development, operation and maintenance of water infrastructure to managing water resources systems by stipulating general frameworks and defining key principles …

Question raised in Rajya Sabha on Pollution in rivers, 30/11/2015

Question raised in Rajya Sabha on Pollution in rivers, 30/11/2015. Discharge of untreated and partially treated sewage from cities / towns and industrial effluents constitute a major source of pollution in rivers. As per the report published by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in February 2015, 302 polluted river stretches …

The potential for snow to supply human water demand in the present and future

Runoff from snowmelt is regarded as a vital water source for people and ecosystems throughout the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Numerous studies point to the threat global warming poses to the timing and magnitude of snow accumulation and melt. But analyses focused on snow supply do not show where changes to …

Analysis and prediction of reference evapotranspiration with climate change in Xiangjiang River Basin, China

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is often used to estimate actual evapotranspiration in water balance studies. In this study, the present and future spatial distributions and temporal trends of ET0 in the Xiangjiang River Basin (XJRB) in China were analyzed. ET0 during the period from 1961 to 2010 was calculated with historical …

Assessment and management of Ganga river water quality using multivariate statistical techniques in India

Multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), were applied for evaluation of spatial variations and interpretation of large complex water quality data set of the Ganga river basin, generated during one year (2013-2014) monitoring of eight water parameters at seven different sites. Hierarchical cluster analysis …

Reduced streamflow in water-stressed climates consistent with CO2 effects on vegetation

Global environmental change has implications for the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources, but quantifying its effects remains a challenge. The impact of vegetation responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations on the hydrologic cycle is particularly poorly constrained1, 2, 3. Here we combine remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index …

River–human harmony model to evaluate the relationship between humans and water in river basin

With the rapid population growth, ecological pressure caused by human activities on rivers is growing. Decision makers are often faced with the dilemma of how to maintain economic growth while also maintaining the resources of a river and its environment. In this study, a model has been proposed for the …

Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding projects in the Netravathi basin across river Netravathi and its tributaries, Dakshina Kannada and Hassan Districts in Karnataka, …

Order of the National Green Tribunal (Southern Zone, Chennai) in the matter of M/s. A. Purushottam Chitrapur, Vs. Union of India & Others dated 07/09/2015 regarding projects in the Netravathi basin across river Netravathi and its tributaries / streams in Dakshina Kannada and Hassan Districts in Karnataka.

Enhancing the climate resilience of Africa’s infrastructure: the power and water sectors

This book evaluates -using for the first time a single consistent methodology and the state-of-the-art climate scenarios-, the impacts of climate change on hydro-power and irrigation expansion plans in Africa’s main rivers basins (Niger, Senegal, Volta, Congo, Nile, Zambezi, Orange); and outlines an approach to reduce climate risks through suitable …

Integrated water resources management in Central and Eastern Europe: IWRM versus EU Water Framework Directive

The countries of Central and Eastern Europe faced the challenges of becoming EU Member States. In the water sector, the environment and water quality requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) dominate water resources planning and management. Many see this as a surrogate for IWRM, although IWRM has a …

Good practices for regulating wastewater treatment: legislation, policies and standards

This UNEP publication presents a critical analysis of successful cases for regulating wastewater treatment and management in six countries - Argentina, Austria, Finland, Jordan, Singapore and South Africa. It reviews procedures and processes in the implementation of wastewater legislation and may be useful for other countries in addressing the global …

A water-secure world for all - water for development: responding to the challenges

The Stockholm World Water Week’s focus on “Water for Development” comes at an opportune time. Water as a sector in world affairs is reaching a tipping point. Over the next two decades and more, the global push for food and energy security and for sustaining urbanization will place new and …

Question raised in Lok Sabha on inter-state river water sharing disputes, 06/08/2015

Question raised in Lok Sabha on inter-state river water sharing disputes, 06/08/2015. On the complaint made by the State Governments, the Central Government has, so far, set up 08 Tribunals to settle water disputes among the States under the Inter-State River Water Disputes (ISRWD) Act, 1956. The present status of …

Question raised in Rajya Sabha on Integrated Ganga Conservation Programme, 03/08/2015

Question raised in Rajya Sabha on Integrated Ganga Conservation Programme, 03/08/2015. The Cabinet approved the Namami Gange program on 13th May, 2015 as a comprehensive approach to rejuvenate the river Ganga by inclusion of all tributaries under one umbrella. The program envisages 100% central government funding. Details and salient features …

Evaluation of spatial pattern of altered flow regimes on a river network using a distributed hydrological model

Alteration of the spatial variability of natural flow regimes has been less studied than that of the temporal variability, despite its ecological importance for river ecosystems. Here, we aimed to quantify the spatial patterns of flow regime alterations along a river network in the Sagami River, Japan, by estimating river …

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