European Union (EU)

Order of the National Green Tribunal on the demarcation of Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 27/05/2025

Order of the National Green Tribunal (Central Zone Bench, Bhopal) in the matter of Kamal Tiwari Vs Union of India & Others dated 27/05/2025. The Principal Chief Conservator of Forest and Chief Wildlife Warden, Rajasthan stated that a high level meeting to review the progress on the demarcation of Nahargarh …

Global Electricity Review 2025

In a world of higher electricity demand growth, clean electricity is stepping up to the challenge. Spearheaded by exponential solar expansion, clean power is set to grow faster than demand, marking the start of a permanent decline in fossil generation. 2024 both clarified and consolidated the shape of the global …

Fiscal implications of global decarbonization

Internationally coordinated climate mitigation policies can effectively put the world on a path toward achieving the agreed Paris temperature goals. Such coordination could be initiated by large players, such as China, the US, India, the African Union, and the European Union. Find that the implications for fiscal revenues over time …

Capturing the climate change mitigation benefits of circular economy and waste sector policies and measures

Waste and circular economy actions contribute to reducing the need for new primary materials and the associated greenhouse gas emissions linked to the extraction and processing of resources. Including circular economy and waste activities in the reporting on climate change mitigation policies and measures can help provide a fuller account …

Europe sustainable development report 2023/24

The Europe Sustainable Development Report 2023/24 (5th edition) provides an independent quantitative assessment of the progress by the European Union, its member states and partner countries towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In light of the upcoming European Elections and UN Summit of the future, this year’s edition identifies 10 …

The cost of climate change on households and families in the EU

This study investigates the major climate-related risks for households in the EU by quantifying the relationship between a set of selected climate-hazards metrics, households’ income by source, and sector-specific expenditures, capturing both the climate induced cost of impacts and adaptation measures. The assessment of economic costs of climate change impacts …

The European biomass puzzle: Challenges, opportunities and trade-offs around biomass production and use in the EU

Biomass is key to achieve the objectives of the European Green Deal. It is defined as vegetation that forms ecosystems, sequesters carbon, and provides food and feedstocks for a wide range of biobased materials in use in sectors such as construction, energy, transport, furniture and textile industries. There is strong …

Ramping up energy storage: lessons for the EU

This paper explores how the EU can enhance its policy for a low-carbon future by learning from successful energy storage approaches in California, South Korea, and Australia. The EU’s decarbonisation goals will involve transformative change, and front and centre of this shift will be the bloc’s most polluting sector: electricity …

Uncovering the invisible: successes and challenges for wildlife crime prosecution in Europe

Wildlife crime is devastating for endangered European species and a growing risk to our societies’ economic development and security, but most cases still go unpunished or undetected. This is one of the main findings of this new report published by the LIFE SWiPE project, ‘Uncovering the Invisible: Successes and Challenges …

European Union emission inventory report 1990-2021: under the UNECE Convention on Long‑range Transboundary Air Pollution (Air Convention)

The report looks at air pollutant emissions reported by the EU under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (the Air Convention) and includes a wide range of substances. These include the five main air pollutants (NOX, NMVOCs, SO2, NH3 and PM2.5) but also others such as heavy metals, …

Transforming our world: interdisciplinary insights on the Sustainable Development Goals

Today's world stands at the crossroads of major global challenges, ranging from poverty and inequality to climate change and environmental degradation. These pressing issues underscore the essential role of sustainable development in forging a prosperous, equitable, and peaceful future for all. Building on the insights and findings of SDSN Senior …

State of EU progress to climate neutrality

The EU wants to become a climate neutral economy by 2050. Achieving this goal requires transforming the way produce, consume, move, and eat. This European Climate Neutrality Observatory’s (ECNO) first flagship report “State of EU Progress to Climate Neutrality” looks at observed changes across a comprehensive set of over 100 …

Climate audit of the European Union’s foreign policy

This report analyses the EU's foreign policy and reviews the extent to which the EU integrates climate considerations into its foreign policy and diplomatic efforts. The European Union (EU) is the world’s third largest economy and an important player in the global climate change agenda. The EU has committed to …

Money trails: building financial investigations from wildlife and timber trafficking cases in the European Union

This new TRAFFIC and WWF ‘Wildlife Money Trails’ report aims to help law enforcement authorities and financial institutions uncover financial crimes related to wildlife and timber trafficking in the EU. The report features 16 case studies amounting to 18 million euros of illicit profits. Wildlife and timber trafficking often involves …

Annual European Union greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2021 and inventory report 2023

The EEA has published the ‘Annual EU greenhouse gas inventory 1990-2021 and inventory report 2023’, which is the EU’s official submission of greenhouse gas emission data to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The emission inventory shows that EU greenhouse gas emissions increased considerably, by 6.2%, from …

Climate change law in Europe: what do new EU climate laws mean for the courts?

Europe is undergoing an unprecedented shift in the scale and ambition of climate policy following the announcement of the European Green Deal and the passage of the European Climate Law. European legislators are working on reforms referred to as the ‘Fit for 55’ package, which includes updates to existing regulatory …

Assessing the costs and benefits of climate change adaptation

Climate change is happening. To reduce its economic impact, adaptation and mitigation actions are urgently needed. Decision-makers need to understand their benefits and costs compared to not acting at all. This briefing summarises the main assessment concepts, key methods and related challenges and constraints, and provides practical examples of approaches …

Decarbonisation heating and cooling: a climate imperative

The EU has met its target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020, compared with 1990 levels. However, meeting targets for 2030 and beyond requires a doubling of the annual reduction in greenhouse gas emissions achieved between 2005 and 2020. Heating and cooling account for half of the …

Natural gas supply-demand balance of the European Union in 2023

This background note was developed to inform the discussions at the Special IEA Ministerial on Gas Markets and Supply Security on 15 February 2023. It assesses the latest developments in European and global natural gas markets, taking into account the impacts of the energy crisis triggered by Russia’s invasion of …

The toll of fossil fuel air pollution: a case for clean transportation

On 14 February 2023, the European Parliament voted to ban the sale of new petrol and diesel CO2-emitting cars as of 2035, making headway in the EU’s “Fit for 55” package and the transition to climate neutrality by 2050. Urban areas across the EU and the UK are also increasingly …

Europe sustainable development report 2022

The Europe Sustainable Development Report 2022 is the fourth edition of independent quantitative report on the progress of the European Union, its member states and partner countries towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This year's report is a special edition in support of the upcoming EU Voluntary Review and the …

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