Finance

Annual SDG Review 2025: Financial inclusion in the Arab region

Nearly 65% of adults in the Arab region remain excluded from formal financial systems, according to a new report by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA). The Annual SDG Review 2025 paints a sobering picture of persistent financial exclusion that is undermining the region’s ability …

Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding steps taken to control air pollution, 19/12/2023

Order of the National Green Tribunal in the matter of In re: News item appearing in Times of India dated 10.10.2023 titled “Feeling anxious? Toxic air could be to blame” with In re: News item appearing in Times of India dated 10.10.2023 titled “Delhi, Chennai studies hint at pollution link …

Climate finance in Ghana

An analysis of climate finance flows in Ghana shows that an annual average of USD 830 million was tracked in 2019 and 2020. This is a meagre 5-9% of its required investment — estimated between USD 9.3-15.5 billion — highlighting the pressing need to bolster climate finance to achieve Ghana’s …

International debt report 2023

Developing countries spent a record $443.5 billion to service their external public and publicly guaranteed debt in 2022. These costs shifted scarce resources away from health, education, environment and other critical areas, the World Bank’s latest International Debt Report showed. Debt-service payments, which include principal and interest, increased by 5 …

Climate-related development finance to agrifood systems: global and regional trends between 2000 and 2021

The amount of climate finance flowing to agrifood systems is strikingly low and continues to diminish vis-à-vis global climate finance flows. Agriculture is one of the sectors with the highest adaptation finance needs for implementing the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) but climate finance for adaptation is also on a downward …

State of finance for nature 2023

Nearly $7 trillion of public and private finance each year supports activities that directly harm nature – some 30 times the amount spent on nature-based solutions annually, according to this report published by the UNEP. The State of Finance for Nature annual report series tracks finance flows to nature-based solutions …

Asia-Pacific trade and investment report 2023/24 : unleashing digital trade and investment for sustainable development

The Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report (APTIR) is a biennial publication prepared by the Trade, Investment and Innovation Division of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific to provide insights into the impact of recent emerging developments in trade and foreign direct investment on countries’ …

Finding the finance: a guide to identifying centrally sponsored schemes to fund heat resilience solutions

This analysis attempts to address a pressing problem at the heart of India’s plans to combat extreme heat: finance. Indian Heat Action Plans (HAPs) contain a welcome diversity of adaptation solutions spanning many sectors, but generally fail to identify viable sources of public and private finance to implement these solutions. …

Climate finance for powering healthcare

Approximately 1 billion people around the world are served by healthcare facilities without reliable electricity access or with no electricity access at all. The electrification of such facilities is a crucial requirement for achieving universal health coverage. This report titled Climate Finance for Powering Healthcare examines how climate finance, such …

Biodiversity credits: demand analysis and market outlook

With effective progress on governance, global demand for voluntary biodiversity credits could reach $2 billion in 2030 and $69 billion by 2050. While estimates might vary depending on different scenarios, this report identifies the internal and external drivers of demand, including the enabling conditions needed to build trust in these …

Renewables-based electric cooking: climate commitments and finance

This report assesses countries’ access to renewables-based electric cooking to understand their current status and establish associated priorities to support the energy transition. Globally, around 2.3 billion people lacked access to clean cooking technologies and fuels in 2023. Despite substantial gains over the last decade, universal access to clean cooking …

Coal vs renewables investment report

Coal vs Renewables Investment Report findings make it very clear that financial institutions prefer funding renewable energy projects over coal power projects. This report is timely releasing amidst all the geopolitical noise around fossil fuel phase-out at COP28, think it is useful to highlight the ground reality that Renewable energy …

North Africa: policies and finance for renewable energy

The brief by IRENA, highlights North Africa’s large renewable energy potential and explores its current policy environment to support the energy transition and the deployment of renewable energy in the coming years. The GCC countries are some of the world’s most significant fossil fuel producers and exporters, and are among …

The South African climate finance landscape 2023

The South African Climate Finance Landscape 2023 report seeks to map climate finance investment in South Africa by way of tracking project-level investments thereby identifying sources and intermediaries of climate finance; financial instruments used; uses of climate finance; and ultimately which sectors benefit from climate finance flows in South Africa. …

State and trends in climate adaptation finance 2023

Climate change impacts globally have increased the urgency for ambitious action on adaptation. This is especially the case in the world’s most vulnerable regions, including Africa. This report covers global status and trends of adaptation finance and provides a deeper analysis of Africa at a regional level, given the heightened …

Putting promises into practice: clean energy transition partnership signatories' progress on implementing clean energy commitments

Signatories to the Clean Energy Transition Partnership (CETP) committed to shifting international public finance away from fossil fuels and into clean energy. While progress has been made in restricting fossil fuel finance, it is not clear that similar progress has been made in prioritizing support for clean energy. This report …

The climate finance gap for small-scale agrifood systems

Small-scale farmers and related supply chain actors contribute a significant share of global food production, particularly in East Asia and the Pacific, South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. Small-scale producers and the agri-MSMEs serving them are expected to face the most severe impacts of climate change and have limited capacity to …

From millions to billions: financing the development of African cities

Urbanisation is the mega trend reshaping Africa. The continent’s population is rapidly growing and is expected to reach 4 billion people by the end of the century. This is coupled with unprecedented rural-to-urban migration, driven largely by young people. As a result of this demographic confluence, the number of people …

Least developed countries report 2023: crisis-resilient development finance

UNCTAD’s Least Developed Countries Report 2023 calls on the global community to urgently address the critical financial challenges faced by the world’s 46 most vulnerable nations. Multiple global crises, the climate emergency, growing debt burdens, dependence on commodities and declining foreign investments into LDCs have strained their finances, jeopardizing their …

Adaptation gap report 2023

In 2023, temperature records toppled, while storms, floods, droughts and heatwaves caused devastation. UNEP’s Adaptation Gap Report 2023: Underfinanced. Underprepared – Inadequate investment and planning on climate adaptation leaves world exposed finds that progress on climate adaptation is slowing when it should be accelerating to catch up with these rising …

Global landscape of climate finance 2023

Climate finance is vital to combat the climate crisis. A new study shows that annual climate finance flows surpassed USD 1 trillion for the first time in 2021, six years after the Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015. However, flows must increase by at least five-fold annually by 2030 to …

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