China

Disruption and Disarray: An analysis of pangolin scale and ivory trafficking, 2015-2024

In 2019, the illegal wildlife trade reached staggering levels. Pangolin scales and ivory were being trafficked in massive quantities from Africa to Asia, exposing a network of crime syndicates operating at an industrial scale. The sheer volume of these shipments marked a disturbing milestone, one that revealed the global reach …

Disruption and Disarray: An analysis of pangolin scale and ivory trafficking, 2015-2024

In 2019, the illegal wildlife trade reached staggering levels. Pangolin scales and ivory were being trafficked in massive quantities from Africa to Asia, exposing a network of crime syndicates operating at an industrial scale. The sheer volume of these shipments marked a disturbing milestone, one that revealed the global reach …

Asian Development Outlook- April 2025

Weak consumption in the People’s Republic of China will partly offset robust domestic demand in South Asia. Disinflation is expected to continue, driven by lower food and energy prices, along with the lagged effects of previous monetary policy tightening. The region’s high-income technology exporters remain a bright spot, benefiting from …

Global Electricity Review 2025

In a world of higher electricity demand growth, clean electricity is stepping up to the challenge. Spearheaded by exponential solar expansion, clean power is set to grow faster than demand, marking the start of a permanent decline in fossil generation. 2024 both clarified and consolidated the shape of the global …

Fiscal implications of global decarbonization

Internationally coordinated climate mitigation policies can effectively put the world on a path toward achieving the agreed Paris temperature goals. Such coordination could be initiated by large players, such as China, the US, India, the African Union, and the European Union. Find that the implications for fiscal revenues over time …

Changing climates: the heat is (still) on

The world is getting warmer and natural hazards are becoming more intense, likely bringing higher economic losses in the future. Today, four major weather perils result in expected economic losses of USD 200 billion annually. With more severe weather coming, economic losses are set to rise. The study analysis finds …

Prospects and challenges for implementing land-based climate change mitigation in support of carbon dioxide removal in China

In this working paper, the authors present an overview of China’s greenhouse gas emissions and its land-based carbon stocks and flows, with a spotlight on potential for land-based mitigation technologies and practices (LMTs) for carbon dioxide removal, based on the published literature. They also provide an analysis of LMT-related policies …

Electric vehicles market monitor for light-duty vehicles: China, Europe, United States, and India, 2023 H1

In the global market, the sales of light-duty EVs reached around 6 million in the first half of 2023 (2023 H1), representing nearly 14% of new LDVs sold worldwide. The briefing provides an analysis of the electric vehicle (EV) market development and fleet carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions trends in 2023 …

Visioning to implementation: national transport decarbonization policies that match climate targets in China, India, and Vietnam

The report assesses how three Asian countries—China, India, and Vietnam—are translating their international climate ambition in the NDCs into national climate change–related transport strategies and policies. It finds that climate ambitions in the transport sector are somewhat consistent with national strategies and goals but coordination across policy areas and levels …

Real-world solutions for clean air and health: six city examples to inspire action on urban air pollution

Air pollution is the largest environmental threat to human health worldwide. Health professionals and agencies are usually the most trusted voices in their communities, so when they are actively engaged on climate change and air pollution, they can reframe these is sues as questions of public health and help move …

Wind and solar benchmarks for a 1.5°C world

This report presents a detailed methodology for determining the amount of wind and solar capacity that is required for a country to align with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C temperature goal. While the focus of the report is the method, it includes illustrative benchmarks for Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Germany, South …

Electric vehicles market monitor for light-duty vehicles: China, Europe, United States, and India, 2022

This is the 2022 update of the Major Markets Electric Vehicle Monitor, which covers light-duty vehicle (LDV) sales in China, Europe, the United States, and India. These four markets were home to approximately 76% of global light-duty electric vehicle (EV) sales in 2022. Results show that China was the world’s …

Beyond poverty alleviation: envisioning inclusive growth in the BRICS countries

This paper presents a status report of the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) on two crucial development parameters—inequality and poverty—that have a significant bearing on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs; especially SDG-1 and SDG-10). The paper tracks the origins and movements of absolute and relative poverty, …

India overtakes China as the world’s most populous count

India has overtaken China as the world’s most populous country, according to this UN population estimates, the most significant shift in global demographics since records began. The latest estimates and projections of global population from the United Nations, indicate that China will soon cede its long-held status as the world’s …

Building a unified national power market system in China: pathways for spot power markets

Power markets are an instrument used globally to ensure electricity security while maintaining affordability and incentivising decarbonisation. The People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”) has been making big steps towards implementing markets, and the goals announced in 2020 of carbon dioxide emissions peaking before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060 …

Electric vehicles market monitor for light-duty vehicles: China, Europe, United States, and India, 2020 and 2021

This is ICCT’s first Major Markets Electric Vehicle Monitor. The Major Markets series will analyze the electric vehicle (EV) market development and fleet carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions trends of manufacturers of light-duty vehicles (LDVs) in China, Europe, the United States, and India. These four markets were home to approximately 73% …

Trends of new passenger cars in China: air pollutant and CO2 emissions and technologies, 2012-2021

Achieving China’s dual ambitions of peak carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 will require a strong focus on the transport sector and that transport-related air pollutant and CO2 emissions be monitored and regulated in a coordinated fashion going forward. For the latter, fundamental data about …

Greening of China’s agriculture: a synthesis

This report reviews current agricultural policies in China and their role in support of China’s broader environmental goals. The policies reflect an expansion of agricultural policy objectives to better manage China’s limited and overburdened natural resources. The report anchors its discussion of current policy with a description of past policies …

Policies and investments to address climate change and air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

This report shows how air quality in the People's Republic of China's fast-growing Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei industrial hub has deteriorated and presents an integrated, cost-effective model to reduce carbon emissions and other pollutants. Analyzing the costs and benefits of different scenarios, it sets out a modeling framework and shows how adapting policies …

The evolution of heavy-duty vehicles in China: a retrospective evaluation of CO2 and pollutant emissions from 2012 to 2021

This study evaluates the effectiveness of policies in curtailing emissions from heavy-duty vehicles over the 2012-2021 period and lays a foundation for developing future regulations for direct control of CO2. The analysis explores the development of heavy-duty vehicles from the perspective of key attributes (curb weight, engine power, and others), …

China country climate and development report

The China Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) provides analysis and recommendations on integrating the country’s efforts to achieve high-quality development with the pursuit of emission reduction and climate resilience. Without adequate mitigation and adaptation efforts, climate risks will become a growing constraint to China’s long-term growth and prosperity, threatening …

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