European Union (EU)

Order of the National Green Tribunal on the demarcation of Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 27/05/2025

Order of the National Green Tribunal (Central Zone Bench, Bhopal) in the matter of Kamal Tiwari Vs Union of India & Others dated 27/05/2025. The Principal Chief Conservator of Forest and Chief Wildlife Warden, Rajasthan stated that a high level meeting to review the progress on the demarcation of Nahargarh …

How to avoid gas shortages in the European Union in 2023

European and global natural gas markets are not yet out of the danger created by Russia’s cuts to pipeline deliveries of gas. If gas exports from Russia drop to zero and China’s LNG imports rebound to 2021 levels, there is a risk of a shortfall gas supplies in 2023. Measures …

Advancing towards climate resilience in Europe: status of reported national adaptation actions in 2021

This report provides an overview of how all EU Member States and Türkiye are adapting to climate change and are reporting on their adaptation actions. The report summarises how these countries are progressing through the adaptation policy cycle. It gives a snapshot of the situation in 2021, but where possible, …

Trends and projections in Europe 2022

This report explores the historical trends, most recent progress and projected future paths towards mitigating climate change through reduced greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy gains and improved energy efficiency. It builds on data reported by the 27 EU Member States (EU-27), Iceland and Norway.

European Union emission inventory report 1990-2020 under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP)

This document is the annual EU emission inventory report under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (Air Convention) (UNECE, 1979). The report and its accompanying data constitute the official submission to the UNECE secretariat from the European Commission (EC) on behalf of …

The impact of the EU Emissions Trading System on households: how can the Social Climate Fund support a just transition?

The EU is planning to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from road transport and buildings through the Fit for 55 policy package and the Emissions Trading System. This paper identifies who stands to be most affected, and how the proposed Social Climate Fund can contribute to a just transition for EU …

Annual European Union greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2020 and inventory report 2022

Collectively, the 2020 reduction was the largest in the EU since 1990 and total greenhouse gas emissions reached their lowest level since 1990, according to the official EU data which the EEA submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The overall reduction in 2020 greenhouse gas …

Innocenti Report Card 17- Places and Spaces: Environments and children's well-being

UNICEF Innocenti's Report Card 17 explores how 43 OECD/EU countries are faring in providing healthy environments for children. Beyond children’s immediate environments, over-consumption in some of the world’s richest countries is destroying children’s environments globally. This threatens both children worldwide and future generations. To provide all children with safe and …

CEMS Certification System in India - CSE Proposal

Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) is an indispensable part of pollution monitoring in developed countries such as EU members, USA and Japan. The crucial factors behind the success of CEMS in these countries is well framed certification and quality assurance systems of devices, extensive testing and verification of devices by …

Heat waves as an occupational hazard: the impact of heat and heat waves on workers’ health, safety and wellbeing and on social inequalities

This paper explores the argument that weather-related heat stress should be considered an escalating occupational hazard that deserves full societal recognition in order to be considered as an emerging occupational risk requiring public action. Heat health is one of the main lines of action concerning climate change adaptation with strong …

Multi-level governance in (climate) action: co-creating policy solutions to tackle climate change

Multi-Level Governance (MLG) is an essential ingredient for modern, comprehensive policy- making applicable at any level, from local up to EU policies (and, of course, even beyond Europe). It can strengthen a variety of processes, especially supporting and accelerating climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as effectively tackling energy …

Multi-level governance in (climate) action: co-creating policy solutions to tackle climate change

Multi-Level Governance (MLG) is an essential ingredient for modern, comprehensive policy- making applicable at any level, from local up to EU policies (and, of course, even beyond Europe). It can strengthen a variety of processes, especially supporting and accelerating climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as effectively tackling energy …

Europe Sustainable Development Report 2021

The third edition of the flagship Europe Sustainable Development Report tracks the performance of the EU, its Member States, and other European countries on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. The Europe Sustainable Development Report shows how the SDGs can be used as a roadmap for a sustainable and inclusive recovery …

Waste and residue availability for advanced biofuel production in the European Union and the United Kingdom

This study presents current (2020) waste and residue feedstock availability in the European Union and the United Kingdom and provides projections for 2030 and 2050. The study considers the availability of agricultural residues, forestry residues, and biogenic waste. The study deems available only the feedstock that can be collected with …

Accelerating to zero: speeding up the decarbonization of heavy-duty vehicles in the EU

The objective of this report is to analyse the current status and outlook for decarbonization of the heavy-duty vehicle sector in the EU. The authors focus on developments over the coming 10 years, and how much the sector’s emissions could be reduced through energy efficiency improvements, electrification, and increased biofuel …

CO2 emissions from trucks in the EU: an analysis of the heavy-duty CO2 standards baseline data

The recently published heavy-duty vehicle certification data from the European Union are a valuable source of information to assess the values of the CO2 standards baseline, track the progress of truck manufacturers towards their reduction targets, and understand the various technology pathways chosen by manufacturers to decarbonize their fleets. This …

Benefits of extending the EU heavy-duty CO2 emissions standards to other truck segments

An upcoming review of the heavy-duty CO2 emissions standards in the European Union will consider several adjustments to the regulation, including the possibility of extending the CO2 emissions reduction targets to other vehicle segments, as well as setting specific targets for trailers. This study assesses the additional benefits that would …

Changes to the Renewable Energy Directive revision and ReFuel EU proposals: Greenhouse gas savings and costs in 2030

This briefing provides policy recommendations to assist European Council and Parliament as they negotiate the final legislation for the Fit for 55 package. The recommendations follow the findings in a previous ICCT paper regarding how changes to the policy proposals can achieve greater greenhouse gas (GHG) savings at a lower …

Alternative transport fuels elements of the European Union’s “Fit for 55” package

The European Commission recently released a number of policy proposals in its “Fit for 55” package, aimed at achieving the European Union’s goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 55% in 2030 compared to 1990 levels. This policy update focuses on the elements of this package related to the promotion …

European maritime transport environmental report 2021

This report provides a factual analysis of the environmental pressures exerted by the maritime transport sector, presents up-to-date information on the relevant EU and international environmental standards and describes current and future actions to reduce the sector's impact on our environment.

Battery electric tractor-trailers in the European Union: a vehicle technology analysis

Long-haul trucks are responsible for the bulk of road freight CO2 emissions in Europe. However, at the time the heavy-duty vehicle CO2 standards were finalized in the European Union in 2019, there was little information available on zero-emission technologies. The 2022 review of the CO2 standards presents a latent opportunity …

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