Ecosystem Services

Sub-Saharan Africa’s Economic Outlook 2025: Navigating Uncertainty and Aligning Policy for Sustainable Recovery

The IMF’s April 2025 Regional Economic Outlook for Sub-Saharan Africa presents a clear warning: regional growth is slowing, debt pressures are mounting, and donor assistance is declining. Yet the report outlines critical opportunities particularly in domestic revenue mobilization, structural reform, and private sector activation that can shape a more resilient …

A toolkit for integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation into ecosystem management of coastal and marine areas in South Asia

This toolkit offers a step-by-step guide for integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation into the coastal and marine ecosystem management that will be quite useful for the field practitioners of coastal areas in the sub-region. This publication builds on UNDP’s new Biodiversity and Ecosystems Global Framework, titled The …

Biodiversity and adaptation to climate change

There are various drivers of degradation those are adversely impacting the ecosystems and in turn affecting ecosystem services. Ironically, the growth economy and unsustainable policies are leading to erosion of the very base – biodiversity and ecosystems. Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EBA) is an emerging approach that works with nature to help …

Nature and its role in the transition to a green economy

This report aims to clarify and help mainstream nature’s role in the transition to a green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication. It contributed to discussions at the Rio+20 Conference and will continue to support the development of green economy strategies and plans as well as …

Asia-Pacific disaster report 2012: reducing vulnerability and exposure to disasters

The ESCAP/UNISDR Asia-Pacific Disaster Report 2012, Reducing Vulnerability and Exposure to Disasters provides an analysis of the impact of disasters on Asian and Pacific countries between 1970 to 2011, and discusses the twin challenge faced by the region of increasing exposure of its people and economic assets, and heightened vulnerabilities …

Value of forest ecosystem services: a quantitative estimation from the Kangchenjunga landscape in eastern Nepal

The ecosystem services derived from conservation areas have a high value for human well being, but they do not receive due consideration in public policy in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. As a result, conservation areas do not receive adequate public support for participatory management and other approaches. The lack …

Securing the future of mangroves

This policy brief is largely based on the World Atlas of Mangroves (2010) which provides a wealth of knowledge on the ecology, biodiversity, distribution, economic value, and management status of mangroves around the world. The aim of this policy brief is to provide managers with lessons learned on the conservation …

Report of the study on the economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: water and wetlands

This TEEB for Water and Wetlands report underlines the fundamental importance of wetlands in the water cycle and in addressing water objectives as noted in the Millennium Development Goals and forthcoming Sustainable Development Goals stemming from the Rio+20 agreement. The report presents insights on both critical water-related ecosystem services and …

Biodiversity and ecosystem services: scaling up business solutions

The WBCSD launched a series of concrete sustainable solutions from some of the largest companies in the world with the launch of Biodiversity and ecosystem services: scaling up business solutions . The report sends a strong business message that companies are scaling up solutions to ecosystems challenges and demonstrating a …

Conserving dryland biodiversity

Conserving Dryland Biodiversity is intended to raise awareness amongst all stakeholders and galvanise wider action to boost drylands conservation and development. It is a call to action as well as a guide to how dryland conservation and development can be equitably pursued. The book is designed to inform and remind …

Biofuels and biodiversity

The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has released a report analyzing and summarizing some of the major issues related to biofuels and biodiversity on the basis of the best available scientific information. The report highlights the complexities behind the topic, noting opportunities for biofuels to contribute to …

Ecological restoration for protected areas: principles, guidelines and best practices

This publication provides guidance for terrestrial, marine, and freshwater protected area managers at both system and site levels on the restoration of natural and associated values of protected areas. As this sometimes necessitates restoration beyond protected area borders (e.g., to address ecosystem fragmentation and maintain well-connected protected area systems), this …

Protected planet report 2012: tracking progress towards global targets for protected areas

The Protected Planet Report 2012 reviews progress towards the achievement of the protected area targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Building on the work of the CBD-mandated Biodiversity Indicators Partnership (BIP), the report includes a set of indicators of protected area coverage, representativeness, effectiveness, management and governance.

Listen to the voices of experience

The intergovernmental body for biodiversity must draw on a much broader range of knowledge and stakeholders than the IPCC, say Esther Turnhout and colleagues.

A promising pathway

Now that the Rio+20 summit is over, experts and the public at large have got busy analysing its outcome document. The media has already declared the conclave on sustainable development, held in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro between June 20 and 22, a failure. It is true that …

Water balance of global aquifers revealed by groundwater footprint

Groundwater is a life-sustaining resource that supplies water to billions of people, plays a central part in irrigated agriculture and influences the health of many ecosystems. Most assessments of global water resources have focused on surface water but unsustainable depletion of groundwater has recently been documented on both regional and …

Assessing ecological land use and water demand of river systems: a case study in Luanhe River, North China

Economic and social development has greatly increased ecological water demand and modified land use of river systems worldwide, causing overall degradation of many of these systems. In this study, theoretical and technical frameworks for regionalization on the eco-environmental function of river systems are formulated and applied to the Luanhe River …

Impacts of climate change on biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services

Plant and animal species are shifting their geographic ranges and the timing of their life events – such as flowering, laying eggs or migrating – at faster rates than researchers documented just a few years ago, according to a technical report on biodiversity and ecosystems used as scientific input for …

Urban patterns for a green economy: working with nature

This guide focuses on the effect of unplanned, rapid growth of cities on the functioning of the ecosystems in which they are located. It outlines how development can be guided to ensure the ability of ecosystems to support sustainable human settlement. The pattern of development in a region, properly managed, …

Greening the economy with agriculture

Greening the Economy with Agriculture (GEA) seeks to contribute to the definition and implementation of the green economy in the context of sustainable development, food security and poverty alleviation through the mobilization of the food and agriculture sector. It analyzes: the interactions between the green economy and the food and …

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan: Colombia

The Colombian "Política Nacional para la Gestión Integral de la Biodiversidad y sus Servicios Ecosistémicos (PNGIBSE)", launched on 28 July 2012, promotes a new way of addressing biodiversity in the country, oriented on the integrated management of biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides, with the view to maintaining and …

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