Employment

World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2025

In 2024, global employment expanded in line with a growing labour force, keeping the global unemployment rate steady at 5 per cent, similar to that of 2023. Slowing productivity growth remains a major bottleneck with respect to expanding the opportunities for decent work. On the back of stable unemployment rates, …

Working time and work-life balance around the world

Working Time and Work-Life Balance Around the World provides a comprehensive review of both main aspects of working time – working hours and working time arrangements (also called work schedules) – and their effects on workers' work-life balance. The report reviews hours of work from several different perspectives, highlighting that, …

Ghana 2022 earnings inequality in the public sector

Wide wage inequalities have been identified as one of the key demotivation factors hampering Ghana's development, according to an official report. The Ghana Earnings Inequality in the Public Sector Report launched by the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) said the phenomenon hampered output in the public sector, impacting development negatively. The …

The effect of COVID-19 and associated lockdown measures on household consumption, income, and employment: evidence from sub-Saharan African countries

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused huge economic disruptions that affect food and nutrition security in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). At the onset of the pandemic, many governments put in place various containment measures such as restricting free movement of people both within and between countries, closing non-essential businesses …

Decent work in nature-based solutions 2022

Some 20 million jobs could be created by investing in policies that support nature and address climate change, disaster risk, food insecurity, and other major challenges, according to this new report by the by the International Labour Organization (ILO), UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and International Union for Conservation of Nature. …

Creative India: tapping the full potential

India’s creative economy is large, but its untapped potential is even larger. This study provides the first reliable measure on the size of India’s creative economy, explores the many challenges faced by the creative industries, and provides recommendations to make India one of the most creative societies in the world. …

Global wage report 2022-23: the impact of COVID-19 and inflation on wages and purchasing power

The Global Wage Report 2022-2023 reveals how the severe inflationary crisis, combined with a slowdown in economic growth - driven in part by the war in Ukraine and the global energy crisis - have affected pay packets worldwide, including in the G20 leading industrial nations. It is estimated that in …

Asia–Pacific employment and social outlook 2022: rethinking sectoral strategies for a human-centred future of work

Labour markets are recovering from the COVID-19 crisis in Asia and the Pacific, but now face new challenges like inflation and geopolitical tensions. The report gives the regional labour market context and makes a first-time assessment of regional sectoral estimates to highlight which sectors are growing as sources of jobs, …

ILO Monitor on the world of work: multiple crises threaten the global labour market recovery

The outlook for global labour markets has worsened in recent months and on current trends job vacancies will decline and global employment growth will deteriorate significantly in the final quarter of 2022, according to this new ILO report. Rising inflation is causing real wages to fall in many countries. This …

African women’s report 2021: digital finance ecosystems - pathways to women’s economic empowerment in Africa

This report contains a systematic analysis that sheds light on each component of digital finance and on how the components are linked with gender equality and women’s economic empowerment. It addresses five key challenges that limit the use of digital finance to promote women’s empowerment in Africa. The first challenge …

Global wind workforce outlook 2022-2026

Rapid growth in onshore and offshore wind capacity is generating huge demand for skilled workforce, a new report reveals. New figures from Global Wind Organisation (GWO) and Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) show that 569,000 technicians will be needed to build and maintain a global onshore and offshore wind fleet …

Renewable energy and jobs: annual review 2022

Worldwide employment in the renewable energy sector reached 12.7 million last year, a jump of 700,000 new jobs in just 12 months, despite the lingering effects of COVID-19 and the growing energy crisis, according to this new report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the International Labour Organization …

India discrimination report 2022

The India Discrimination Report 2022 focuses on differential access to labour market (absorption and wages),factor market (access to credit) and endowment market (access to hospitalisation) for different socio-religious and gender groups. The analysis attempts to capture the extent of identity-based discrimination explaining the gaps in access to employment and in …

The workforce we need: social outlook for Asia and the Pacific

Decent work entails equality of opportunity and treatment at work, dignity and safety in the workplace, a fair income and the freedom for workers to organize and participate in decisions related to their work and lives. It provides workers with access to social protection and health care, thereby ensuring that …

World energy employment

The report presents new estimates of the size and distribution of the labour force, across regions and technologies, and increases the granularity on the number of workers along the entire energy value chain. This includes fossil fuel and bioenergy production; power sector generation, transmission, distribution and storage; and end uses, …

Solar PV: a gender perspective

This report, the third in IRENA’s gender perspective series, examines the participation of women in the solar PV sector. The analysis outlines the share of women in the solar PV workforce, examines the barriers that women face in the sector - including women living and working in the off-grid context …

World social protection report 2020-22: regional companion report for Asia and the Pacific

Fewer than half the population of Asia and the Pacific have access to any social protection benefits, and public spending on social protection in the region is significantly below the global average, this new report by the International Labour Organization (ILO) has found. Spending on social protection in the region …

Global employment trends for youth 2022: investing in transforming futures for young people

Recovery in youth employment is still lagging, according to this new report by the International Labour Organization (ILO), which confirms that the COVID-19 pandemic has hurt young people more than any other age group. The Global Employment Trends for Youth 2022: Investing in transforming futures for young people report finds …

Recovering learning: are children and youth on track in skills development?

Nearly three quarters of young people aged 15 to 24 in 92 countries with available data are off-track to acquire the skills needed for employment, according to this new report by the Education Commission and UNICEF ahead of World Youth Skills Day. Recovering learning: Are children and youth on track …

How corporate social responsibility and sustainable development functions impact the workplace: A review of the literature

This report sets out to analyse the emergence and distinctive impact of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development (CSR/SD) functions and professionals within organizations. By evaluating the literature on this topic, it seeks to clarify how leveraging the already established CSR/SD functions and professionals across organizations can contribute to the …

Decent work deficits among rural workers

About 80 per cent of the world’s poor live in rural areas many among them workers who face severe decent work deficits, including inadequate safety at work, low pay, lack of stability and security of work, and excessive working hours, with women and young workers the hardest hit according to …

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