The IMF’s April 2025 Regional Economic Outlook for Sub-Saharan Africa presents a clear warning: regional growth is slowing, debt pressures are mounting, and donor assistance is declining. Yet the report outlines critical opportunities particularly in domestic revenue mobilization, structural reform, and private sector activation that can shape a more resilient …
This report gives a brief overview on how current and proposed agricultural practices impact on climate changes, and how proposed measures for 'mitigation and adaptation' impact on agriculture. It focuses on forms of intensive, large-scale (or industrialized) agriculture. It looks at the main proposals in the negotiations for a post …
This paper examines the cost of a range of national, regional and global mitigation policies and the corresponding incentives for countries to participate in ambitious international mitigation actions. The paper illustrates the scope for available instruments to strengthen these incentives and discusses ways to overcome barriers to the development of …
The US submission to the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) proposes an agreed outcome for the UN Copenhagen Climate Change Conference in the form of
A joint initiative of the United Nations Foundation and the Club of Madrid, Global Leadership for Climate Action (GLCA) consists of former heads of state and government, as well as leaders in business, government, and civil society from more than 20 countries. In 2007, GLCA published Framework for a Post-2012 …
In December 2009 representatives from 192 nations will meet in Copenhagen to complete negotiations on a global climate agreement. This paper summarizes why action in Copenhagen is urgently required, what needs to be accomplished in the negotiations, and how an effective climate regime might be designed.
This paper examines the cost of a range of national, regional and global mitigation policies and the corresponding incentives for countries to participate in ambitious international mitigation actions. The paper illustrates the scope for available instruments to strengthen these incentives and discusses ways to overcome barriers to the development of …
The policy brief examines development and burden-sharing aspects related to mitigation and adaptation that need to be considered to ensure a successful and sustainable outcome of the negotiations. The brief suggests that development has to be central to the climate change agreement, and should involve scaling up funding and technology …
This background paper provides an overview of the role and profile of international carbon market mechanisms in a new international post-2012 climate change agreement. The paper first reviews the three market-based instruments under the Kyoto Protocol and then examines a range of possible market mechanisms under consideration in the international …
Agriculture will be greatly impacted by climate change and will require substantial adaptation efforts. At the same time, the agricultural sector is responsible for a significant amount of global greenhouse gas emissions, and has an important potential role in climate change mitigation. The purpose of this paper is to provide …
This paper from the Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP) explores how models of payment for environmental services (PES) programs could be applied in the context of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). The paper discusses a range of key elements and issues that would need to be …
This Paper aims at connecting the need for transport actions in developing countries to the international negotiations on a post-2012 climate change agreement. It outlines the decisions to be taken in Copenhagen and the preparations to adequately implement these decisions from 2013. Arguing, that a sustainable transport approach needs to …
The global oceans community is very thankful to the Government of Indonesia for hosting the World Ocean Conference 2009 to put the limelight on the relationship between climate change and oceans, coasts, and small island developing States (SIDS). The political consensus that will be reached by governmental representatives in issuing …
This paper presents comprehensive proposals for the post-2012 climate regime: the scale of the challenge, emission targets for industrialised countries, increased actions by Southern countries, financing, technology, adaptation and deforestation. The proposals are based on ongoing research by the Wuppertal Institute.
climate change EU wants more action With a world agreement on climate policy scheduled for December 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark, negotiations and blame games are reaching a frenzy. During recent EU-US bilateral talks, American policymakers criticized EU
This week the G-20 leaders met in London to discuss the global financial crisis, which is set to dominate the international agenda for some time. A parallel debate has been under way here in Bonn on another financial question, which affects an even greater systemic crisis: the funding required to …
There are local air pollution benefits from pursuing greenhouse gases emissions mitigation policies, which lower the net costs of emission reductions and thereby may strengthen the incentives to participate in a global climate change mitigation agreement. The main purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which local …
There are local air pollution benefits from pursuing greenhouse gases emissions mitigation policies, which lower the net costs of emission reductions and thereby may strengthen the incentives to participate in a global climate change mitigation agreement. The main purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which local …
