The global cost of disasters is growing: The economic burden of disasters is intensifying. While the direct costs of disasters averaged $70–80 billion a year between 1970 and 2000, between 2001 and 2020 these annual costs grew significantly to $180–200 billion. But the real cost is far higher. Disaster costs …
This brief explores two different types of carbon markets: baseline-and-credit mechanisms, which are primarily structured around offsetting and enable trade in certified emissions reductions between countries and companies (an example being the Clean Development Mechanism –CDM); and cap and trade schemes or emissions trading systems (ETS), which are based on …
Much of the implementation guidelines of the Paris Agreement have been finalised. However, negotiators at COP26 still need to resolve a few outstanding issues, including devising the implementation guidelines for Article 6. Article 6 of the Paris Agreement permits voluntary cooperation between Parties to allow for higher ambition in mitigation …
Rules for the implementation of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement are still under negotiation at the international level, with a key focus on reaching consensus at COP26 in Glasgow. This report aims to inform this policy making process. It explores three key unresolved issues that are closely interrelated and …
The transition of CERs issued under the CDM for use by Parties towards their NDCs is a key outstanding issue for Article 6 negotiations at the UNFCCC. To inform the ongoing negotiations, we set out estimates of the potential CER supply by two groups of modelling teams, from research institutes …
This paper is based on analytical work previously conducted by NewClimate Institute, Öko-Institut, Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd., and IGES. The transition of certified emission reductions (CERs) issued under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) for use by Parties towards their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) is a key outstanding …
This report conducts a rigorous assessment of the contribution of material efficiency to GHG abatement strategies. More concretely, it assesses the reduction potential of GHG emissions from material efficiency strategies applied in residential buildings and light duty vehicles, and reviews policies that address these strategies. It shows that increasing material …
This paper assesses whether and how national and multinational credit purchase facilities have supported Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects that are vulnerable to the risk of discontinuing GHG abatement. Improving the understanding of the impact that the credit purchase facilities have had in supporting the continuation of emission reductions for …
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is the world‘s largest greenhouse gas (GHG) offsetting mechanism to date. Although its future after 2020 is uncertain, policy-makers are currently considering the use of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from emission reductions delivered in the period up to, and including, 2020. In this context, it …
Asia and the Pacific is home to more than 60% of the world’s population and 62% of the global economic output. But the region still faces enormous development challenges and with economic growth, it has become a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This has exposed Asia and the …
In this year's report, 67 UN entities report their greenhouse gas emissions for 2016. Of which, 56 provided data on waste and 39 were climate neutral. In addition to detailing the UN's environmental impacts in 2016, the Greening the Blue report also showcases a number of UN entities that are …
Reflecting the growing momentum for carbon pricing worldwide, the 2017 edition of the State and Trends of Carbon Pricing targets the wide audience of public and private stakeholders engaged in carbon pricing design and implementation. This report also provides critical input for negotiators involved in the implementation of the Paris …
This report details a study on whether countries should use certified emission reductions – or CERs – to achieve post-2020 targets under the Paris Agreement. The Clean Development Mechanism is the world’s largest greenhouse gas crediting mechanism and will continue to issue CERs until 2020. Countries are considering using those …
This discussion paper estimates the potential supply of certified emission reductions (CERs) from projects registered under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) for the period 2013 to 2020. The supply potential estimation considers the most recent information on the status of CDM projects and their ability to issue CERs, if sufficient …
This report explores the introduction of carbon taxes with a national offset component and their interactions with other policy areas, and makes recommendations on this topic. In this task, the study focuses on the approaches Chile, Mexico and South Africa have chosen for elaborating their carbon taxes. By allowing the …
This publication is a guide for government and city planners to identify financing mechanisms as they develop their own wastewater and sanitation projects. Case studies culled from various countries provide insight on various financing instrumentalities (subsidies, output-based or performance-based aid, carbon credits, and revolving funds) and financing arrangements (local government–water …
Greater cooperation through carbon trading could reduce the cost of climate change mitigation by 32 percent by 2030, according to a new World Bank report released at an international carbon event in Vietnam. New modelling analysis undertaken for the State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2016 report shows that increased …
The report “The impact of INDCs, NAMAs and LEDs on Ci-Dev operations and programs” provides recommendations on how to manage the delivery risks of emission reductions, and opportunities after 2020. While using Ci-Dev as an example, this report is relevant for stakeholders tasked with the transition of a portfolio of …
The report “A new approach for pre-financing ERPAs for household energy access programs” presents the concept for an innovative facility that provides financing ahead of the signing of an Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement (ERPA) and - if implemented – could substantially reduce the delivery risk of carbon credits and act …
International carbon offsetting can help reduce compliance costs in emissions trading schemes and at the same time support carbon mitigation projects in developing countries. A surprising observation from the European Union Emissions Trading System’s experience with offsetting is that companies do not fully utilise offsetting for compliance despite the cost …
Question raised in Lok Sabha on Carbon Trading, 03/05/2016. To support India’s active participating in Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the Government of India has set up the National Clean Development Mechanism Authority (NCDMA) for according Host Country Approval (HCA) to eligible CDM projects in the country. As on date, the …
