Reply filed by the Director, Environment-cum-Special Secretary, Forest, Environment and Climate Change Department, Odisha and Member Secretary, Odisha Coastal Zone Management Authority, May 1, 2025. NGT, had registered suo motu in response to the news item in the Hindu, May 4, 2024 titled "Swell waves likely to strike coastal areas …
This report summarizes the findings of a review aimed at understanding emerging approaches to energy subsidy reform, discerning trends, and identifying major strands of thinking and research in the field, as reflected in major policy and academic journals relevant to the subject. The review was initiated in early 2020 as …
Understanding the distributional consequences of progressive fossil fuel subsidy reform is critical to the sustainability of reform efforts as well as progress towards more just and inclusive energy transitions. This study examines the welfare effects of fossil fuel subsidy reforms on Nigerian households, focusing on the socio-economic implications of petrol …
This report presents key findings from a series of IRENA virtual knowledge exchanges on renewables-based clean cooking solutions in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. The world continues to fall short in its efforts to achieve universal access to clean cooking by 2030, with disparities in clean cooking access rates persisting across …
This compendium, Powering India’s Future: Towards a People-Positive Energy Transition, delves into the complex landscape of India’s energy transformation journey. This collection of essays hopes to serve as a guide, offering insights, analyses, and innovative ideas that can shape India’s path to a cleaner, more equitable, and sustainable energy future.
Nearly one in three people, the vast majority of them in the poorest regions of the world, still lack access to clean cooking facilities, with major ramifications for public health, local environments and socio-economic development. Inhaling hazardous smoke from traditional stoves and open fires causes millions of premature deaths annually, …
In countries of the Global South, 2.4 billion people cook with solid fuels, resulting in 3.2 million premature deaths and economic losses of US$2.4 trillion annually. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is considered to be a scalable transition cooking solution until renewable options become market-ready. Counter-intuitively, the transition from solid fuels …
Energy subsidies, which have a long history of use by governments around the world, have been rising in recent years after a brief period of decline. Despite their significant wider costs, subsidies are used by governments for various policy, and political reasons. Faced with recent external shocks, governments around the …
To facilitate a sustainable switch to electricity as the primary cooking fuel in India, several significant obstacles must be overcome, including the high upfront cost of electric cookstoves, the availability of affordable and reliable renewable electricity, and the need for behavioural change to adapt to a cultural shift. Electric cooking …
In the clean cooking sector, the successful application of Results-Based Financing (RBF) instruments has been observed for the climate co-benefit, where the market for averted greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has enjoyed strong performance; however, supplementing GHG emission-reduction credits with tradeable assets from clean cooking’s additional co-benefits requires developing rigorous methods …
The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) carried out the Multiple Indicator Survey (MIS) covering the entire country in its 78th round. The objectives of the MIS were: To collect information for developing estimates of some important Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators; and To collect information Purchase/Construction of house(s)/ flat(s) by …
Provision of clean cooking for all is recognized as a critical cross-sectoral development issue. The potential societal benefits are enormous, particularly for public health, women’s productivity and empowerment, and the environment. Along with electrification, clean cooking is an essential component to achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 7.1 -- ensuring …
Access to modern, reliable and affordable energy in Africa could help address some of the social, economic, health and environmental challenges that come with the fast growing population. The continent is endowed with abundant fossil and renewable energy resources to meet the fast growing demand for energy. However, the energy …
Analysis of household energy use has tended to focus on primary energy sources for cooking, lighting, and heating. However, even those using clean primary energy sources are not necessarily free from household air pollution and the burden of biomass collection because of commonly practiced fuel stacking. This paper examines household …
Access to safe, sustainable and accessible cooking fuels and technologies is an essential aspect of addressing both energy poverty and food security. The World Food Programme is the world’s largest humanitarian organisation, and helps families across the world to access life-saving food and humanitarian assistance. However, most of this food …
This paper discusses the results of a study in Bangalore, India where behaviorally designed household energy reports helped reduce energy use by 7 percent among participating households. While this concept of using energy reports to impact behavior is not new in the Global North, its use in India reveals that …
Using data from the nationally representative India Residential Energy Survey (IRES) 2020, this study reflects on the current penetration of electric cooking (eCooking) in India, its usage pattern, its cost effectiveness compared to other clean alternatives, and households’ perception of switching to eCooking from their prevalent cooking fuels. The study …
Using data from the nationally representative India Residential Energy Consumption Survey (IRES) 2020, this study reflects on the current state of clean cooking energy access in India, the progress made over the past decade, persisting gaps, and emerging trends. The study also assesses the barriers that need to be addressed …
The transition to sustainable energy requires an assessment of drivers of the use of clean and dirty fuels for cooking. Literature highlights the importance of access to modern fuel for switching from dirty fuels. Though access to cleaner fuels such as electricity promotes clean fuel use, it does not necessarily …
This brief examines access to clean cooking energy, specifically across urban slum households in six Indian states - Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. Urban slums suffer from the double burden of pollution. They are exposed to the high ambient particulate matter pollution of cities and the …
Some 4 billion people still cook with traditional polluting fuels and technologies. The adverse development impacts from households continued use of polluting stove-and-fuel combinations are significant. Transitioning this population to modern cooking services (MECS) - part of United Nation (UN) sustainable development goal 7 - remains a significant challenge. This …
