China

Disruption and Disarray: An analysis of pangolin scale and ivory trafficking, 2015-2024

In 2019, the illegal wildlife trade reached staggering levels. Pangolin scales and ivory were being trafficked in massive quantities from Africa to Asia, exposing a network of crime syndicates operating at an industrial scale. The sheer volume of these shipments marked a disturbing milestone, one that revealed the global reach …

China’s new energy vehicle industrial development plan for 2021 to 2035

China’s New Energy Vehicle Industrial Development Plan for 2021 to 2035 (“Plan 2021–2035”) follows the Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry Plan for 2012 to 2020 and aims to build a green, robust, and internationally competitive auto industry. It sets a target of an approximately 20% share for new energy …

Poverty, vulnerability, and fiscal sustainability in the People’s Republic of China

This report explores the new poverty reduction strategy of the People's Republic of China and focuses on the vulnerable, particularly children, the elderly, and those whose access to health care is jeopardized by urbanization and aging. The People’s Republic of China has a long and successful record of poverty reduction. …

Covid-19 one year later: public perceptions about pandemics and their links to nature

People in the US, China, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar strongly support government action to prevent future pandemics. This survey comes as a larger, more in-depth follow-up to one conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in Asia. In March 2020, WWF commissioned GlobeScan to conduct a survey among the …

Covid-19 one year later: public perceptions about pandemics and their links to nature

People in the US, China, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar strongly support government action to prevent future pandemics. This survey comes as a larger, more in-depth follow-up to one conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in Asia. In March 2020, WWF commissioned GlobeScan to conduct a survey among the …

Carbon neutral tea production in China: three pilot case studies

It may come as a surprise, but it has been estimated that by driving half a mile in the average car you may be emitting the same amount of CO2eq as drinking a cup of tea! At between 200 and 6 g CO2eq per cup, the tea you choose to …

The impact of the African Swine Fever outbreak in China on global agricultural markets

In China, the outbreak of the African Swine Fever is expected to result in a 27% drop in the production of pigmeat, the country’s most consumed meat product. Using the OECD-FAO Aglink-Cosimo model, this paper examines the impact of this production shortfall on global markets for livestock products and animal …

China’s greenhouse gas emissions exceeded the Developed World for the first time in 2019

Each year Rhodium Group provides the most up-to-date global and country-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions estimates through the ClimateDeck (a partnership with Breakthrough Energy). In addition to the preliminary US and China GHG estimates for 2020, Rhodium provides annual estimates of economy-wide emissions—including all six Kyoto gases—for over 190 countries …

The second phase of China’s new energy vehicle mandate policy for passenger cars

The second phase of China’s Parallel Management Regulation for Corporate Average Fuel Consumption and New Energy Vehicle Credits began on January 1, 2021. The policy regulates how both corporate average fuel consumption (CAFC) credits and new energy vehicle (NEV) credits are calculated and traded. This paper describes the contents of …

Renewable energy policies for cities: experiences in China, Uganda and Costa Rica

Cities are critical to the global energy transition. The most visible energy transitions today occur in major cities. With their comparatively large revenue bases, big cities have the regulatory frameworks and infrastructure to scale up renewables and meet emission reduction targets. Small and medium-sized cities (with less than one million …

Melting mountains, mounting tensions: climate change and the India-China rivalry

This document is the first of a series of case studies integrating security analysis of instability and conflict involving nuclear-armed states with cutting-edge climate science. The outcome of a novel collaboration between the Converging Risks Lab of the Council on Strategic Risks and the Woodwell Climate Research Center, the case …

The coal transition: mitigating social and labor impacts

Realizing the objectives of the Paris Agreement on climate change will necessitate a timely transition of the global energy system out of coal, but evidence from Europe, China, and the United States shows that the coal transition can lead to massive job losses. This paper develops a comprehensive policy approach …

Climate risk country profile: China

This publication synthesizes climate characteristics and projections, vulnerability to natural hazards, sectoral climate change impacts, and adaptation priorities in the People’s Republic of China. It outlines rapid onset and long-term changes in key climate parameters, as well as the impact of these changes on communities, livelihoods, and economies—many of which …

Repowering Chinese coastal ferries with battery-electric technology

This study analyzes the operational profiles of Chinese coastal ferries, their energy demand, and the implied battery system to evaluate the feasibility of repowering the fleet with battery-electric technology. It also identifies the regions and market segments where the transition to battery-electric ferries could be implemented first.

Evaluating electric vehicle costs and benefits in China in the 2020–2035 time frame

The pace of vehicle electrification in China and globally hinges on how quickly electric vehicle costs decline. With this paper, the authors combine the best available battery and vehicle component cost data in a bottom-up analysis to project electric vehicle costs in China from 2020 through 2035, and then evaluate …

The illegal wildlife trade and the banking sector in China: the need for a zero-tolerance approach

Chinese banks must take action to prevent illegal wildlife traffickers from exploiting their networks to launder money says TRAFFIC. The non-governmental organisation, which works globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development, is today releasing resources that indicate how Chinese …

The role of China's ETS in power sector decarbonisation

The People’s Republic of China (“China”) officially launched its national emissions trading system (ETS) in 2017, and it will come into operation in 2021. Initially covering the power sector, which accounts for over 40% of China’s energy-related CO2 emissions, the ETS is set to subsequently be expanded to other energy-intensive …

Material efficiency approach towards reducing emissions: G20 experiences and lessons for India

Climate change is often perceived solely as an energy related issue and solutions to mitigate the same are centred around the adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiency measures. However, mitigation of emissions from production and consumption can also be achieved by adopting demand side strategies by addressing the issue …

The evolution of commercial vehicles in China: A retrospective evaluation of fuel consumption standards and recommendations for the future

China’s fuel consumption standards for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) have progressed since Stage 1 was first introduced in 2012, and Stage 4 standards are currently in development. However, to date there has been no independent retrospective assessment of the impact of Stage 1 and Stage 2 standards, including whether they spurred …

Seizing the urban opportunity: How national governments can recover from COVID-19, secure shared prosperity, and tackle the climate crisis through cities

National governments can spur COVID-19 recovery, achieve shared prosperity and drive climate action through national policies and targeted investments to decarbonise cities and make them more resilient. This report shows the power of urban transformation and the many ways to achieve it by looking up close at six major emerging …

China’s new growth story: Linking the 14th Five-Year Plan with the 2060 carbon neutrality pledge

This paper discusses how China’s low-carbon transition can act as a new driver of growth in the post-COVID-19 era. It argues that China should peak its carbon emissions during the 14th Five-Year Plan, which covers the period 2021 to 2025, and bend the emissions curve quickly, in order to achieve …

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