COP 21 (Paris)

Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding deterioration of Nayar river, Uttarakhand, 05/06/2025

Order of the National Green Tribunal in the matter of In Re: News Item titled "Nayar river is vanishing - a yatra reveals conservation goes beyond science and policy" appearing in ‘The Down To Earth’ dated 03.06.2025. The original application was registered suo-motu based on the news item titled "Nayar …

Paris-consistent climate change mitigation scenarios: a framework for emissions pathway classification in line with global mitigation objectives

Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement, governments and economic actors have increasingly been setting greenhouse gas emissions reduction or net-zero targets. Amidst risks of delayed action and greenwashing, there is need to understand whether climate-related targets and transition plans are consistent with the Paris Agreement. Climate change mitigation scenarios …

Strengthening climate accountability: improving compliance and delivery under the Paris Agreement

Accountability is essential for global climate action and governance. The issue brief analyses the existing transparency and compliance mechanism under the Paris Agreement. Further, it discusses the challenges in ownership of targets and obligations under climate agreements amongst member countries. Over the last few decades, governments have collectively made a …

Results-based finance in the Paris Era: Considerations to maximise impact

In order to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement, it is essential to rapidly move from a zero-sum offsetting approach towards rapid transitions to decarbonise all emitting sectors. Though originally developed for offsetting, using aspects of carbon market mechanisms to deliver results-based finance can have an important role in …

Climate Action Tracker global update: Paris Agreement turning point

The recent wave of net zero targets has put the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C within striking distance. In this briefing, the Climate Action Tracker (CAT) has calculated that global warming by 2100 could be as low as 2.1°C as a result of all the net zero pledges announced as of November …

Renewable energy and climate pledges: Five years after the Paris Agreement

With signing of the Paris Agreement, countries pledged to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change. By scaling up renewable energy, countries can sharply reduce one major source of the problem: energy-related CO2 emissions. Nationally Determined Contributions …

Future role for voluntary carbon markets in the Paris era

The end of 2020 marks a fundamental change in the global governance of greenhouse gas emissions with the shift from the Kyoto Protocol era to that of the Paris Agreement. This has important implications for the future role and the feasible models of the voluntary carbon market. In this report …

Carbon Pricing For The Paris Target: Closing The Gap With Output-Based Pricing

This report updates and extends PBO’s analysis of the additional carbon pricing needed to achieve Canada’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions target in 2030 under the Paris Agreement. Under the Paris Agreement, Canada has committed to reduce its GHG emissions by 30 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030. Based on …

Energy Transition Outlook 2020: A global and regional forecast to 2050

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to exact a tragic toll on lives and livelihoods and will greatly impact global energy use in the near term. Energy demand will fall 8% this year, and with a slow recovery, our whole energy demand forecast is rebased downwards by 8% relative to our previous …

Paris Agreement Compatible Sectoral Benchmarks

While national emission trends are a useful tool for measuring government progress towards meeting the Paris Agreement 1.5˚C temperature limit at a global level, each government will have to address its own sectors, each with their own, different baseline. What should government sectoral benchmarks be? Will they meet the global …

Building a Paris Agreement Compatible (PAC) energy scenario

The Paris Agreement Compatible (PAC) scenario illustrates a pathway for the transition of the EU’s energy system that is in line with EU leaders’ commitment to the Paris Agreement. A new clean energy scenario shows that the EU can achieve climate neutrality by 2040 – a decade before the 2050 …

FAQ’s on the operationalization of the Enhanced Transparency Framework

Aiming to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, Parties adopted the Paris Agreement in 2015, and through it established an enhanced transparency framework (ETF). Countries are now actively engaged in establishing the necessary arrangements to implement the ETF. As these efforts advance, questions are arising related …

Whack-A-Mole: Will South Korea’s coal power transition be undermined by overcompensated gas?

Korea needs to phase-out unabated gas by 2050 in a Paris-aligned scenario or potentially risk $60 billion in stranded assets. As much as 13.7 GW of coal capacity may be retired between now and 2034 and risks being replaced with gas power. If these replacements take place as proposed, there …

Global Renewables Outlook: Energy transformation 2050

This new report by IRENA shows the path to create a sustainable future energy system. It highlights climate-safe investment options until 2050, the policy framework needed for the transition and the challenges faced by different regions. The Global Renewables Outlook shows the path to create a sustainable future energy system. …

Draft technical paper on approaches to reviewing the overall progress made in achieving the global goal on adaptation

In 2019, the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA) requested the Adaptation Committee (AC) “to consider approaches to reviewing the overall progress made in achieving the global goal on adaptation and to reflect the outcome of this consideration in its …

Climate change strategies 2020

The Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN), the implementation arm of the UNFCCC’s Technology Mechanism, has been matching the technology needs of developing countries with world-class solutions since 2013. The global expertise that countries are able to access through their national focal points for climate technology is delivering tangible results …

New research finds slow climate progress in high-emitting industries

New research by the Transition Pathway Initiative finds that 29% of the largest publicly-listed industrial companies are set to align their emissions with the Paris Pledges by 2030, up from 24% in mid-2018.These companies are aligned with the emission reduction pledges made by national governments in the Paris Agreement. However, …

Resource efficiency and climate change - Material Efficiency Strategies for a Low-Carbon Future

This report conducts a rigorous assessment of the contribution of material efficiency to GHG abatement strategies. More concretely, it assesses the reduction potential of GHG emissions from material efficiency strategies applied in residential buildings and light duty vehicles, and reviews policies that address these strategies. It shows that increasing material …

Net-zero energy housing virtual Article 6 pilot

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement provides the framework for a new generation of carbon markets in a context where all countries are supposed to formulate and implement ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) towards a temperature target and ratchet their contribution on a regular basis. Under this new regime, carbon …

Raising the game on Paris alignment: six memos on the Multilateral Development Banks’ Paris alignment approach

This discussion paper provides six separate memos on the building blocks of Paris alignment introduced by the Multilateral Development Banks. The memos provide suggestions on how to design different tools for a robust framework for Paris alignment.

Raising the game on Paris alignment: six memos on the Multilateral Development Banks’ Paris alignment approach

This discussion paper provides six separate memos on the building blocks of Paris alignment introduced by the Multilateral Development Banks. The memos provide suggestions on how to design different tools for a robust framework for Paris alignment.

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