Emission Targets

State of the Climate in Asia 2024

The World Meteorological Organization’s State of the Climate in Asia 2024 report warns that the region is warming nearly twice as fast as the global average, driving more extreme weather and posing serious threats to lives, ecosystems, and economies. In 2024, Asia experienced its warmest or second warmest year on …

China’s unconventional nationwide CO₂ emissions trading system: the wide-ranging impacts of an implicit output subsidy

This paper assesses the overall costs and distributional impacts of China’s planned nationwide emissions trading system for CO2 emissions reductions, a system that will differ from cap and trade and become the largest CO2 trading system in the world.

Resource efficiency and climate change - Material Efficiency Strategies for a Low-Carbon Future

This report conducts a rigorous assessment of the contribution of material efficiency to GHG abatement strategies. More concretely, it assesses the reduction potential of GHG emissions from material efficiency strategies applied in residential buildings and light duty vehicles, and reviews policies that address these strategies. It shows that increasing material …

Net-zero energy housing virtual Article 6 pilot

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement provides the framework for a new generation of carbon markets in a context where all countries are supposed to formulate and implement ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) towards a temperature target and ratchet their contribution on a regular basis. Under this new regime, carbon …

A systemic approach for trade-off analysis of food loss reduction and greenhouse gas emissions

This paper introduces the Agro-Chain Greenhouse Gas Emissions (ACGE) calculator, a calculator for estimating GHG emissions for food supply chains that addresses emissions due to agricultural production and post-harvest activities. The calculator combines direct emissions of GHGs by the activities in the chain and effects due to losses, differentiated for …

Greenhouse gas mitigation scenarios for major emitting countries: 2019 update

This report by NewClimate Institute, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) provides an overview of projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 25 major emitting countries/regions up to 2030, taking into account the emission trajectories based on current policies and the implementation of …

Financing emissions reductions for the future: State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2019

Airlines, oil companies, and individuals are using voluntary carbon markets to achieve net reductions in greenhouse gas emissions at levels not seen in seven years, according to Financing Emissions Reductions for the Future: State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2019, which was published by Forest Trends’ Ecosystem Marketplace initiative at …

COP25: what the world must do

The world is facing an existential threat. But it is also clear that without equity, ambition is not possible. The ongoing CoP25 must not duck this question any further says Centre for Science and Environment in its new position paper "COP 25: What the world must do" Centre for Science …

The Paris Targets

Escalating global warming is threatening the very existence of life on our planet and must be contained. The 2015 Paris Agreement sets an absolute upper limit of 2°C on increase in global mean temperature by the end of this century. It also calls for ample efforts to limit the warming …

How climate finance can help repurpose hydropower

Climate funds should facilitate the transition to a low-carbon and climate-resilient future. Energy storage and ancillary grid services are critical to expanding the proportion of intermittent renewable generation on the electricity grid. Hydropower remains the largest and most cost-effective provider of bulk energy storage, offering the flexibility to provide most …

How climate finance can help repurpose hydropower

Climate funds should facilitate the transition to a low-carbon and climate-resilient future. Energy storage and ancillary grid services are critical to expanding the proportion of intermittent renewable generation on the electricity grid. Hydropower remains the largest and most cost-effective provider of bulk energy storage, offering the flexibility to provide most …

Financing a sustainable future in Asia

Companies from the world’s second-largest economy rank the lowest among Asia’s most developed economies on how they report their environmental impact, research by a United Kingdom-based financial markets data provider has revealed. Drawing on its environmental, social and governance (ESG) database, Refinitiv, a provider of financial markets information, released data …

World energy markets observatory report 2019

India, the US and China saw some of the biggest rises in greenhouse gas emissions last year due to booming energy consumption dominated by fossil fuels, putting global climate goals at risk, according to a new report. Emissions jumped 6.3% in India, rose 3.4% in the US and 2.3% in …

Trends and projections in Europe 2019

The annual ‘Trends and projections’ report provides an assessment of the progress of the EU and European countries towards their climate mitigation and energy targets. It is based on national data for greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy and energy consumption.

Annual European Union approximated greenhouse gas inventory for the year 2018

This report provides preliminary (‘approximated’ or proxy) estimates of greenhouse (GHG) emissions for the year 2018 in the European Union (EU) and other member countries of the European Environment Agency (EEA). The report shows that in 2018, EU GHG emissions decreased in 2018, with the largest emission reduction observed since …

The role of international carbon markets in a decarbonising world

A growing number of countries have started to set longer-term climate targets and develop decarbonisation strategies in addition to their shorter-term commitments under the Paris Agreement. Depending on the country, offsets in the form of emission reductions or emission removals from abroad play various roles in how countries sketch out …

Lessons from a decade of emissions gap assessments

To mark ten years of the Emissions Gap Report, and inform the Climate Action Summit, UNEP released Lessons from a decade of emissions gap assessments. The report finds that the last ten years have, in some ways, been a lost decade of climate action. Greenhouse gas emissions have only grown, …

Global climate action from cities, regions and businesses – 2019

This report is the second global analysis of local and regional government and corporate climate contributions, updating “Global Climate Action from Cities, Regions, and Companies” launched at the 2018 Global Climate Action Summit. The 2018 report established the strong potential of subnational and non-state actors to help avoid climate change. …

Scaling up climate action: key opportunities for transitioning to a zero emissions society

Argentina has shown many positive developments in the climate space since 2015, but Argentina’s climate commitment in 2030 is not consistent with holding warming below 2°C, let alone limiting it to 1.5°C as required to achieve the Paris Agreement. This report, the third country assessment in the Climate Action Tracker's …

Putting a price on carbon: evaluating a carbon price and complementary policies for a 1.5° world

To achieve the Paris Agreement goals and limit global temperature rise this century to 1.5°C, the global economy must be rapidly transformed. A carbon price is needed to incorporate climate change costs into economic decision-making to significantly reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in the electricity sector. However, a carbon …

A possible 2050 climate target for the EU

This study assesses the EU’s 2050 target, i.e. halving global emissions by 2050 to be in line with 2°C, in today’s setting to evaluate if the target, which was set ten years ago, is still appropriate and/or sufficient. It offers recommendations for the EU to aim for more ambitious targets.

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