The IMF’s April 2025 Regional Economic Outlook for Sub-Saharan Africa presents a clear warning: regional growth is slowing, debt pressures are mounting, and donor assistance is declining. Yet the report outlines critical opportunities particularly in domestic revenue mobilization, structural reform, and private sector activation that can shape a more resilient …
Latest IEA market report sees lower demand to 2026, based on current policies, but stronger actions are needed to drive a steeper decline towards meeting international climate goals. After reaching an all-time high this year, global coal demand is expected to decline to 2026, according to the latest edition of …
This paper takes a closer look at the potentially huge economic and fiscal transition costs of global decarbonization in fossil fuel export-dependent economies. The paper identifies 40 heavily fossil fuel dependent economies. It is estimated that these countries will lose more than 60 percent in oil rents alone during the …
Fossil fuel combustion is a major contributor to urban air pollution, which in turn can lead to negative health outcomes. While the relationship between fuel prices and consumption has been extensively documented, the knock-on impact on air quality is less studied. Detailed knowledge on the price-pollution channel is valuable in …
The economic consequences for firms investing in green innovation, and therefore their incentives to innovate, are not well understood. This paper empirically assesses the economic returns on innovation in cleaner vehicles. The analysis uses data on passenger car market shares and patents for car manufacturers operating in eight countries for …
This study explores the growth of solar power in seven key Asian countries, the potential for future growth and the avoided fossil fuel costs due to solar electricity generation between January and June 2022. The report was jointly developed by Ember, CREA and IEEFA. It combines electricity generation analysis, energy …
This issue brief explores solutions for managing the fuel tax revenue loss from the electric vehicle (EV) transition in India, without impeding the EV transition. It estimates fuel tax revenue losses and evaluates alternative taxation options for governments to recover these losses. The brief recommends a distance tax regime mileage-based …
Since 1993, the IEA has provided medium- to long-term energy projections using a continually-evolving set of detailed, world-leading modelling tools. First, the World Energy Model (WEM) – a large-scale simulation model designed to replicate how energy markets function – was developed. A decade later, the Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) model …
The global liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry has pinned its long-term hopes for growth on emerging markets in China, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. But this new IEEFA report finds that sustained high prices over the past year have eroded the economic case for LNG and hurt LNG sales in …
Direct Benefit Transfer is a major reform initiative by the Government of India to ensure better and timely delivery of benefits from Government to the people. This marks a paradigm- shift in the process of delivering benefits like wage payments, fuel subsidies, food grain subsidies directly into the bank accounts …
According to this new report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), almost two-thirds or 163 gigawatts of newly installed renewable power added in 2021 had lower costs than the cheapest coal-fired options in G20 countries. The global weighted average cost of newly commissioned solar photovoltaic (PV), onshore and offshore …
Global food, fuel, and fertilizer prices have risen rapidly in recent months, driven in large part by the fallout from the ongoing war in Ukraine and the sanctions imposed on Russia. Other factors, such as export bans, have also contributed to rising prices. Palm oil and wheat prices increased by …
India’s National Hydrogen Mission, launched in August 2021, seeks to scale up renewable electrolysis hydrogen (“green” hydrogen) production and use it in multiple sectors, including transportation. This is encouraging, as green hydrogen offers significant decarbonization potential. Still, whether green hydrogen gains significant uptake in India’s road transport sector will depend …
This study develops a computable general equilibrium model for Nigeria, which accounts for informality, tax evasion, and fuel smuggling. By studying the impact of fuel subsidy reform on consumption, tax incidence, and fiscal efficiency, it shows that the presence of illicit activities substantially strengthens the argument in favour of subsidy …
High and volatile liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices are an opportunity for India’s gas-dependent industries and the city gas distribution network to switch to cleaner, non-fossil fuel alternatives like biogas and biomethane, says a new report from the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA).This will also avoid locking …
Removing fossil fuel subsidies is key to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit climate change. However, if poorly planned, fossil fuel subsidy reform can lead to price increases that could impact the poorest and trigger social unrest. Beyond being environmentally impactful, such reforms must be socially and economically fair to …
This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect supply and environmental costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by charging below efficient fuel prices. The methodology improves over previous IMF analyses through more sophisticated estimation of costs and impacts of reform. Globally, …
Natural gas as a source of clean fuel is important in many economies. With the increase of trade in gas led by LNG trade, market integration as occurred in other sectors is been promoted in various regions of the world. However, in India, the objective to address distributional concerns and …
A report of the expert committee on the road map for ethanol blending in India 2020 to 2025 was released by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The report has been prepared by the NITI Aayog in collaboration with the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. The Expert Committee has suggested …
This report looks at how governments should design their COVID-19 recovery support to the energy sector in order to achieve a fossil-free recovery that supports the achievement of the SDGs and net-zero commitments. First, it provides a snapshot of how governments have supported the energy sector in their COVID-19 recovery …
Indonesia’s comparatively low rate of taxation, exacerbated by falling revenues during the COVID-19 pandemic, has created significant fiscal problems. Well-designed transport fuel taxes can be an effective and efficient way to fill this gap, as demonstrated by experience in India. Over the past decade, India transitioned from high transport fuel …
