Reply affidavit on behalf of the Central Ground Water Board in the matter of Suo Moto case titled "Haryana 60.48% groundwater over exploited Kurukshetra worst Jhajjar best says" appearing in the Tribune, January 8, 2025. The CGWA report, May 3, 2025 addresses the issue of groundwater exploitation and violation of …
This study analyzes policies that California, the United States, and Canada have enacted to promote reduced GHG emissions from heavy-duty trucks, how these policies have impacted technology deployment, and lessons that Canada can take as it evaluates policy options to accelerate the deployment of fuel- and GHG-reduction technologies in its …
New fuel consumption limits for passenger vehicles are scheduled to take effect in India in FY 2022–23, and this paper examines the performance of manufacturer groups with respect to new passenger vehicles sold in FY 2019–20. The FY 2022–23 standards are much less stringent than the EU 2021 standards, and …
China’s fuel consumption standards for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) have progressed since Stage 1 was first introduced in 2012, and Stage 4 standards are currently in development. However, to date there has been no independent retrospective assessment of the impact of Stage 1 and Stage 2 standards, including whether they spurred …
This report provides the first bottom-up, detailed fuel consumption inventory for all commercial flights to, from, and between U.S. airports using our Global Aviation Carbon Assessment (GACA) model. The analysis finds that overall fuel burn and, therefore, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from U.S. airlines increased by 7% from 2005 to …
This publication analyzes the use of clean and efficient cooking technologies in the Philippines and identifies opportunities and challenges to fast-track their uptake. In Asia and the Pacific, 1.8 billion people still rely on traditional cooking methods using fires and solid fuels. The wider uptake of cleaner cooking solutions is …
To support the development of stringent yet cost-effective fuel efficiency standards for Chinese passenger cars for the 2025–2030 time frame, this study evaluates the potential technology pathways for and incremental costs of meeting the preliminary fuel efficiency target outlined in Made in China 2025. Based on methods developed in previous …
While heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) are just 5% of vehicle sales in China, they consume nearly 50% of all on-road transport fuel. Unsurprisingly, then, the Chinese government has gone to considerable effort to improve the fuel efficiency of the HDV sector, and the ultimate goal is to create a clean, efficient, …
Regulators are working toward an India-specific version of the European Commission’s Vehicle Energy Consumption Calculation Tool (VECTO), and its use in future fuel efficiency regulations would allow India to implement simulation-based standards that are more aligned with trends in other major vehicle markets. Information about the market for new heavy-duty …
The new light-duty CO2 standards require the European Commission to monitor the real-world fuel and electric energy consumption of light-duty vehicles. In order to do this, the European Commission must develop a procedure to transfer the data recorded by soon to be mandatory on-board fuel and energy consumption monitoring devices …
To address the danger that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aircraft pose to public health and welfare, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is set to propose an aircraft CO2 emissions standard. The EPA may adopt the standard recommended in 2016 by the United Nations International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), …
There is considerable interest in India in moving toward fuel-efficiency standards based on simulation modeling, and particularly in exploring the feasibility of using the Vehicle Energy Consumption Calculation Tool (VECTO) developed by the European Commission. This briefing develops a proof-of-concept adaptation of the VECTO model for India and summarizes its …
This working paper details and analyzes a global, transparent, and geographically allocated carbon dioxide emissions inventory for commercial aviation for calendar year 2018. It aids policymakers, who cannot currently determine the precise amount of emissions associated with flights departing from an individual country, nor can they distinguish the proportion of …
This study assesses the fuel efficiency of U.S. airlines on domestic operations in 2017 and 2018. Revenue passenger miles (RPMs) increased 10% and departures increased by 4% from 2016 to 2018. Fuel efficiency in terms of RPMs per gallon of fuel consumed improved by 3%. The net result was a …
Market projections for electric vehicle growth in India are ambitious but uncertain. In addition, the passenger car CO2 standards enforced in India are amongst the most lenient, and the super-credit multipliers available for electric vehicles are more generous compared to global practices. Further, in India, electric vehicles are not treated …
This paper examines the potential of two innovative technologies—wind-assist and hull air lubrication—to help reduce emissions from new and existing ships. The authors conduct a route-based analysis of fuel and emissions savings by integrating global ship traffic data with weather data for eight commercial ships, five that use rotor sails …
This sets out the impact of current global policies, the changes in the global fleet and new global efficiency targets to accelerate the uptake of clean and efficient vehicles for vehicle efficiency.
In October of 2018, the Department of Transport of South Africa received cabinet-level approval to move the Green Transport Strategy (GTS) forward. The GTS is South Africa’s governmental guidance document that sheds light on pathways to decarbonize the country’s transport sector. New vehicle fuel-efficiency standards, which are equivalent to CO2 …
Ghana plans to replace its polluting "trotro" buses and formalise waste collection in slums as part of a new plan to help its crowded capital withstand climate change and disasters. The West African country on Thursday became the second in the region after Senegal to launch a plan to help …
This analysis examines the benefits and costs of fuel-saving technologies for new heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) in India over the next 10 years and explores how various scenarios for the deployment of vehicles with these technologies will impact petroleum consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions out to 2050. This study focuses …
