Green House Gases

Judgment of the National Green Tribunal regarding plywood factories operating in Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, 27/05/2025

Judgment of the National Green Tribunal, May 27, 2025 in the matter of Sumit Saini Vs Shree Ram Steel Industries & Others. Sumit Saini, resident of village Damla, District Yamuna Nagar, Haryana had sent a letter petition dated May 14, 2022 to the NGT. The application said that around 25 …

WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin): The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2019

The industrial slowdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has not curbed record levels of greenhouse gases which are trapping heat in the atmosphere, increasing temperatures and driving more extreme weather, ice melt, sea-level rise and ocean acidification, according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The lockdown has cut emissions of …

Resource efficiency and climate change: material efficiency strategies for a low-carbon future

This report conducts a rigorous assessment of the contribution of material efficiency to GHG abatement strategies. More concretely, it assesses the reduction potential of GHG emissions from material efficiency strategies applied in residential buildings and light duty vehicles, and reviews policies that address these strategies. It shows that increasing material …

Transitioning to a low-carbon economy: lessons from Ethiopia’s progressive climate policy

Ethiopia’s commitment to low-carbon climate-resilient development has been hailed by the international community. And rightly so: despite negligible contributions to global emissions, the country’s rapid development over the last decade has not compromised on protecting its citizens and environment from the impacts of climate change. By extension, Ethiopia is helping …

Lessons learned on green stimulus: case studies from the global financial crisis

Today’s policymakers designing economic stimulus packages to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic can draw lessons from the most recent point of comparison, the global financial crisis. This paper gives a global overview of the green stimulus announced in 2008 and 2009 and then provides case studies of four of the …

Healthy diets can create environmental trade-offs, depending on how diet quality is measured

There is an urgent need to assess the linkages between diet patterns and environmental sustainability in order to meet global targets for reducing premature mortality and improving sustainable management of natural resources. This study fills an important research gap by evaluating the relationship between incremental differences in diet quality and …

America's Zero Carbon Action Plan

A strategy for putting Americans back to work based on advanced technologies, good jobs, clean energy, climate safety, and economic security. Climate change represents a profound policy challenge to America and the world – requiring a response at a sweeping scale and with unprecedented speed centered on remaking the energy …

Alternative uses and substitutes for wastes, residues, and byproducts used in fuel production in the United States

Policymakers aiming to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from transportation fuels are interested in supporting fuels derived from wastes and residues to avoid the significant indirect land use change (ILUC) emissions associated with food-based biofuels. However, it is important to consider whether the use of byproducts in fuels is likely …

Not Zero: How ‘net zero’ targets disguise climate inaction

This joint briefing highlights concerns that many governments and corporations are jumping on the bandwagon and declaring “net zero” climate targets. These announcements might sound like they signify ambitious climate action. But unfortunately, the “net” in “net zero” is being used to green-wash weak climate targets, and could end up …

Future role for voluntary carbon markets in the Paris era: executive summary

The end of 2020 marks a fundamental change in the global governance of greenhouse gas emissions with the shift from the Kyoto Protocol era to that of the Paris Agreement. This also has implications for the future role and the feasible models of the voluntary carbon market. A critical focus …

Navigating the nuances of net-zero targets

This report analyses the momentum of targets for net-zero emissions across companies, cities and regions worldwide. This report serves as an helpful resource for net-zero target setters on the importance of transparency in both target-setting and implementation. Consumers and citizens are scrutinizing the climate ambitions of non-state actors now more …

Shifting gears: the evolving electric vehicle (EV) landscape in India

The report provides an understanding of segment wise propensity to transition to EVs by analyzing use cases and Total Cost of Ownership, and estimates the EV penetration by 2025 and 2030. It evaluates the policy framework and the readiness of the enabling ecosystem for EVs i.e. charging infrastructure, ownership models, …

World food and agriculture: statistical yearbook 2020

The World Food and Agriculture - Statistical Yearbook 2020 offers a synthesis of the major factors at play in the current global food and agriculture landscape, including information ranging from farming trends, inputs use, labor utilization, food security and nutrition to greenhouse gas emissions and the impact of agriculture on …

A comparison of methodologies for estimating displacement emissions from waste, residue, and by-product biofuel feedstocks

While public awareness of indirect land-use change emissions from using food commodities for biofuels has grown over recent years, the indirect climate impacts of advanced biofuels made from by-products, wastes, and residues are less well understood. While there is a general expectation that such advanced fuels are likely to have …

Climate neutrality claims How to distinguish between climate leadership and greenwashing

A growing number of countries and companies are setting climate neutrality and net-zero targets. Many countries’ and companies’ efforts towards climate neutrality play a positive role contributing to the fight against climate change and reducing global emissions. However, some of these commitments only obscure the actual impact and ambition of …

Transport for under two degrees – the way forward: 10 key insights for the decarbonisation of the transport sector

The transport sector is the fastest growing source of greenhouse gas emissions at present. It accounts for approximately one quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions and hence figures prominently in efforts to transform the energy economy and protect the climate. Without a scaled-up global mitigation effort, it will not be …

Real-world usage of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: fuel consumption, electric driving, and CO2 emissions

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), which combine an electric and a conventional combustion engine drive train, offer the potential to reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and local air pollution if they drive mainly on electricity. However, there is limited evidence on how much driving PHEVs actually do on electricity …

Unpacking the finance sector’s climate related investment commitments

Financial institution’s climate-related investment targets have rapidly grown in recent years. In this report, we provide insights into the magnitude and ambition of these targets, and investigate their relationship with GHG emissions in the real economy. Specifically, this report maps out the financial sector’s climate-related investment targets against a range …

Accelerating net zero: exploring cities, regions, and companies’ pledges to decarbonise

A growing number of subnational and corporate actors set net-zero emissions targets. These include some of the world’s largest companies, and hundreds of cities and regions around the world. This paper provides a summary of the momentum of target setting among these subnational and corporate actors.

Vision 2050: A strategy to decarbonize the global transport sector by mid-century

Global demand for passenger and freight transportation continues to rise, driven by population and economic growth. As transportation demand has grown so too, inexorably, have carbon emissions from the global transportation sector. That is a trend that know cannot be permitted to continue. The destructive effects of the warming that …

United in Science 2020

Climate change has not stopped for COVID-19. Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere are at record levels and continue to increase. Emissions are heading in the direction of pre-pandemic levels following a temporary decline caused by the lock down and economic slowdown. The world is set to see its warmest …

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